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每天自动接收附件为excel表格的邮件，里面包含客户端IP地址、客户端MAC地址、客户端计算机名、交换机端口、交换机的名字等信息。可以给运维人员带来一些方便，直观的查看那些非法的设备接入交换机的那个端口，方便远程shutdown端口（自动shutdown端口和DHCP拉黑MAC地址，还在编写中）。
抓取交换机信息代码，并保存到本地的txt。
import pexpect
import sys
import datetime
import os
today=datetime.date.today().strftime('%Y%m%d')
path = "/root/F5/"+today#创建文件夹
os.mkdir(path,777)
ip='x.x.x.x'
passwd='^^^^^'
txt='F51FA-x.x.x.x.txt'
name='' #交换机名字
name1="---- More ----"
child=pexpect.spawn('telnet %s'%ip)#telnet交换机
fout=open('/root/F5/'+today+'/'+txt,'wb+')#输出结果保存到此txt
child.logfile = fout
child.expect('Username:')
child.sendline("admin")
child.expect('(?i)ssword:')
child.sendline("%s"%passwd)
child.expect("%s"%name)
child.sendline("dis lldp neighbor-information list")
child.expect("%s"%name)
child.sendline("dis mac-address")
for i in range(10):
index = child.expect([name1,"%s"%name])#命令输出结果如果需要空格翻页
if ( index == 0 ):
child.send(" ")
else:
child.sendline("quit")#如果还有其它命令可以写在这里
sys.exit()
powershell抓取DHCP信息，并输出到数据库。
#数据库配置信息
$Database = 'MAC'
$Server = 'xx'
$UserName = 'sa'
$Password = 'xx'
#powershell 抓取DHCP 可以看网页 http://blog.51cto.com/wenzhongxiang/2065645
#读取DHCPLease记录
#$DhcpLeaseResult1 = Get-DhcpServerv4Scope -ComputerName x.x.x.x |Get-DhcpServerv4Lease -ComputerName x.x.x.x |Select-Object IPAddress,ClientId,HostName #这个命令是抓取DHCP服务器 x.x.x.x 的所有信息 只输出IPAddress,ClientId,HostName 三列
$DhcpLeaseResult1 = Get-DhcpServerv4Lease -ComputerName x -ScopeId y.y.y.y |Select-Object IPAddress,ClientId,HostName
#抓取DHCP服务器X（名字或者IP）,y.y.y.y作用域的信息，只输出IPAddress,ClientId,HostName三列
#创建连接对象
$SqlConn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
#使用账号连接MSSQL
$SqlConn.ConnectionString = "Data Source=$Server;Initial Catalog=$Database;user id=$UserName;pwd=$Password"
#打开数据库连接
$SqlConn.open()
#清空数据库里DHCPLease记录
$SqlCmd = $SqlConn.CreateCommand()
$SqlCmd.commandtext = 'TRUNCATE TABLE [MAC].[dbo].[DHCPF51F]' #数据库表要提前建立好
$SqlCmd.ExecuteScalar()
#插入最新的DHCPLease记录
foreach($x in $DhcpLeaseResult1)
{
Write-Host $x.IPAddress.IPAddressToString,$x.ClientId,$x.HostName
$SqlCmd.commandtext = "INSERT INTO [MAC].[dbo].[DHCPF51F] (IP,MAC,Hostname) VALUES('{0}','{1}','{2}')" -f $x.IPAddress.IPAddressToString,$x.ClientId,$x.HostName
$SqlCmd.ExecuteScalar()
}
#
#关闭数据库连接
$SqlConn.close()
Exit
把txt文档截取需要的信息，输出到数据库。
import os
import sys
import pymssql
import datetime
#数据库信息
host = 'x.x.x.x'
user = 'sa'
pwd = 'x.x.x.x'
db = 'MAC'
#登录数据库，并清空[MACF51F]表的内容
conn = pymssql.connect(host=host,user=user,password=pwd,database=db,timeout=1,login_timeout=1,charset="utf8")
cur = conn.cursor()
sqls = "delete from [dbo].[MACF51F]"#数据库表要提前建好
cur.execute(sqls)
conn.commit()
conn.close()
today=datetime.date.today().strftime('%Y%m%d')
path = "/root/F5/"+today
list1=os.listdir(path)#读取文件夹下所有txt文件，注意不要放其它文档，否则需要写判定语句。
def getid(linea,lineb):
conn = pymssql.connect(host=host,user=user,password=pwd,database=db,timeout=1,login_timeout=1,charset="utf8")
cur = conn.cursor()
sqls1 = "insert into [MACF51F] values('%s','%s','%s')"%(linea,lineb,name)#sql语句插入数据，并命名列
print (sqls)
cur.execute(sqls1)
conn.commit()
conn.close()
for txt in list1:
file = open('%s/%s'%(path,txt),'r+')#打开文件夹下的所有文档
name = txt[:-4]
print(txt)
print(name)
for line in file.readlines():
if 'Learned' in line:
if 'More'in line:#截取MAC地址，由于dhcp拉出来的MAC格式为xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx，所以我门要把交换机MACXXXX-xxxx-xxxx格式改为统一的
#linea=(line[43:57]).rstrip()
linea=(line[43:45]+'-'+line[45:48]+line[48:50]+'-'+line[50:53]+line[53:55]+'-'+line[55:57]).rstrip()
lineb=(line[84:107]).rstrip()
else:
#linea=(line[0:15]).rstrip()
linea=(line[0:2]+'-'+line[2:5]+line[5:7]+'-'+line[7:10]+line[10:12]+'-'+line[12:14]).rstrip()
lineb=(line[41:65]).rstrip()
print(linea)
print(lineb)
getid(linea,lineb)
抓取两个表中MAC地址一样的信息，并串接成一个表，并做成excel。
import pymssql
import xlwt
import datetime
workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
today=datetime.date.today().strftime('%Y%m%d')
sheet1 = workbook.add_sheet('sheet1',cell_overwrite_ok=True)#定义sheet1
sheet1.write(0,0,'HotName')#设置列头的名字0，0代表 0行 0列
sheet1.write(0,1,'MACAddress')
sheet1.write(0,2,'IPAddress')
sheet1.write(0,3,'Port')
sheet1.write(0,4,'SwitchName')
def exceladd(HotName,MACAddress,IPAddress,Port,SwitchName,index):
sheet1.write(index,0,HotName)
sheet1.write(index,1,MACAddress)
sheet1.write(index,2,IPAddress)
sheet1.write(index,3,Port)
sheet1.write(index,4,SwitchName)
host = 'x.x.x.x'
user = 'sa'
pwd = 'x'
db = 'MAC'
conn = pymssql.connect(host=host,user=user,password=pwd,database=db,timeout=1,login_timeout=1,charset="utf8")
cur = conn.cursor()
sqls ="select Hostname,mac,ip,port,Switchname from [dbo].[MACF51F] join [dbo].[DHCPF51F] on MAC = MACADD where Port<>'GigabitEthernet1/0/24' order by Switchname,Port" #SQL命令 24口是上联口 排除
cur.execute(sqls)
listall = cur.fetchall()#抓取sql输出的每一行信息，并分解保存到excel表中。
index = 1
for line in listall:
exceladd(line[0],line[1],line[2],line[3],line[4],index)
index += 1
conn.commit()
conn.close()
print ('创建excel文件完成！')
workbook.save('/root/F5/%sF51FMAC.xls'%today)#保存excel
发送邮件代码
#coding:utf-8
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import smtplib
import datetime
from email import encoders
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
today=datetime.date.today().strftime('%Y%m%d')
def sendmail():
#创建一个带附件的实例
msg = MIMEMultipart()
ctype = 'application/octet-stream'
maintype, subtype = ctype.split('/', 1)
file = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype)
file.set_payload(open(r'/root/F5/%sF51FMAC.xls'%today, 'rb').read())
file.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='%sF51FMAC.xls'%today)
encoders.encode_base64(file)
msg.attach(file)
#加邮件头
msg_to=['[email protected]','[email protected]','[email protected]','[email protected]']
msg['from'] = '[email protected]'
msg['subject'] = u"[接入巡检] %s" %today
msg.attach(MIMEText('接入MAC地址记录如附件', 'plain', 'utf-8'))
msg['to'] =','.join(msg_to)#群发需要增加的，隐藏收件人不需要此行，直接调用msg_to就可以
server = smtplib.SMTP()
server.connect('10.17.37.96',25)#SMTP服务器地址
#server.connect('xx.quantacn.com',25)#需要认证的邮件服务器
#server.login('[email protected]','xxxxxxx') #XXX为用户名，XXXXX为密码
#server.sendmail(msg['from'], msg['to'],msg.as_string()) 单独一个收件人
server.sendmail(msg['from'], msg['to'].split(','), msg.as_string())#收件人为多个
#server.sendmail(msg['from'], msg_to, msg.as_string())
server.quit()
return '发送成功'
print (sendmail())
1、Powershell通过windwos服务器的任务计划每天自动更新DHCP的信息
2、linux服务器通过crontab命令 定制python代码的任务计划
后期会实现异常端口自动shutdown，和异常客户端DHCP拉黑MAC地址。
来源：公众号【网络技术干货圈】
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原文始发于微信公众号（释然IT杂谈）：【实用】如何使用Python对网络设备进行运维？
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