CWE-1021 不当限制渲染UI层或帧

Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames

结构: Simple

Abstraction: Base

状态: Incomplete

被利用可能性: unkown

基本描述

The web application does not restrict or incorrectly restricts frame objects or UI layers that belong to another application or domain, which can lead to user confusion about which interface the user is interacting with.

扩展描述

A web application is expected to place restrictions on whether it is allowed to be rendered within frames, iframes, objects, embed or applet elements. Without the restrictions, users can be tricked into interacting with the application when they were not intending to.

相关缺陷

• cwe_Nature: ChildOf cwe_CWE_ID: 441 cwe_View_ID: 1000 cwe_Ordinal: Primary

• cwe_Nature: ChildOf cwe_CWE_ID: 610 cwe_View_ID: 1003 cwe_Ordinal: Primary

• cwe_Nature: ChildOf cwe_CWE_ID: 451 cwe_View_ID: 699

• cwe_Nature: ChildOf cwe_CWE_ID: 451 cwe_View_ID: 1000

常见的影响

范围	影响	注释
Access Control	['Gain Privileges or Assume Identity', 'Bypass Protection Mechanism', 'Read Application Data', 'Modify Application Data']	An attacker can trick a user into performing actions that are masked and hidden from the user's view. The impact varies widely, depending on the functionality of the underlying application. For example, in a social media application, clickjacking could be used to trik the user into changing privacy settings.

可能的缓解方案

Implementation

策略:

The use of X-Frame-Options allows developers of web content to restrict the usage of their application within the form of overlays, frames, or iFrames. The developer can indicate from which domains can frame the content.
The concept of X-Frame-Options is well documented, but implementation of this protection mechanism is in development to cover gaps. There is a need for whitelisting and allowing frames from multiple domains.

Implementation

策略:

A developer can use a "frame-breaker" script in each page that should not be framed. This is very helpful for legacy browsers that do not support X-Frame-Options security feature previously mentioned.
It is also important to note that this tactic has been circumvented or bypassed. Improper usage of frames can persist in the web application through nested frames. The "frame-breaking" script does not intuitively account for multiple nested frames that can be presented to the user.

Implementation

策略:

This defense-in-depth technique can be used to prevent the improper usage of frames in web applications. It prioritizes the valid sources of data to be loaded into the application through the usage of declarative policies. Based on which implementation of Content Security Policy is in use, the developer should use the "frame-ancestors" directive or the "frame-src" directive to mitigate this weakness. Both directives allow for the placement of restrictions when it comes to allowing embedded content.

分析过的案例

标识	说明	链接
CVE-2017-7440	E-mail preview feature in a desktop application allows clickjacking attacks via a crafted e-mail message	https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-7440
CVE-2017-5697	Hardware/firmware product has insufficient clickjacking protection in its web user interface	https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-5697
CVE-2017-4015	Clickjacking in data-loss prevention product via HTTP response header.	https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-4015
CVE-2016-2496	Tapjacking in permission dialog for mobile OS allows access of private storage using a partially-overlapping window.	https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2016-2496
CVE-2015-1241	Tapjacking in web browser related to page navigation and touch/gesture events.	https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2015-1241
CVE-2017-0492	System UI in mobile OS allows a malicious application to create a UI overlay of the entire screen to gain privileges.	https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-0492

相关攻击模式

• CAPEC-103
• CAPEC-181
• CAPEC-222
• CAPEC-504
• CAPEC-506

引用

• REF-35 Clickjacking For Shells

• REF-36 Clickjacking - OWASP

• REF-37 SecTheory

• REF-38 Content Security Policy Level 3

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