CWE-454 可信任变量或数据存储的外部初始化
External Initialization of Trusted Variables or Data Stores
结构: Simple
Abstraction: Base
状态: Draft
被利用可能性: unkown
基本描述
The software initializes critical internal variables or data stores using inputs that can be modified by untrusted actors.
扩展描述
A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary, especially if they are initialized by users. The variables may have been initialized incorrectly. If an attacker can initialize the variable, then they can influence what the vulnerable system will do.
相关缺陷
-
cwe_Nature: ChildOf cwe_CWE_ID: 665 cwe_View_ID: 1000 cwe_Ordinal: Primary
-
cwe_Nature: CanAlsoBe cwe_CWE_ID: 456 cwe_View_ID: 1000
适用平台
Language: [{'cwe_Name': 'PHP', 'cwe_Prevalence': 'Sometimes'}, {'cwe_Class': 'Language-Independent', 'cwe_Prevalence': 'Undetermined'}]
常见的影响
| 范围 | 影响 | 注释 |
|---|---|---|
| Integrity | Modify Application Data | An attacker could gain access to and modify sensitive data or system information. |
可能的缓解方案
Implementation
策略: Input Validation
A software system should be reluctant to trust variables that have been initialized outside of its trust boundary. Ensure adequate checking (e.g. input validation) is performed when relying on input from outside a trust boundary.
Architecture and Design
策略:
Avoid any external control of variables. If necessary, restrict the variables that can be modified using a whitelist, and use a different namespace or naming convention if possible.
示例代码
例
In the Java example below, a system property controls the debug level of the application.
bad Java
If an attacker is able to modify the system property, then it may be possible to coax the application into divulging sensitive information by virtue of the fact that additional debug information is printed/exposed as the debug level increases.
例
This code checks the HTTP POST request for a debug switch, and enables a debug mode if the switch is set.
bad PHP
if ($_POST["debug"] == "true"){
}
/.../
function login($username, $password){
phpinfo();
$isAdmin = True;
return True;
}
}
Any user can activate the debug mode, gaining administrator privileges. An attacker may also use the information printed by the phpinfo() function to further exploit the system. .
This example also exhibits Information Exposure Through Debug Information (CWE-215)
分析过的案例
| 标识 | 说明 | 链接 |
|---|---|---|
| CVE-2000-0959 | Does not clear dangerous environment variables, enabling symlink attack. | https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2000-0959 |
| CVE-2001-0033 | Specify alternate configuration directory in environment variable, enabling untrusted path. | https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2001-0033 |
| CVE-2001-0872 | Dangerous environment variable not cleansed. | https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2001-0872 |
| CVE-2001-0084 | Specify arbitrary modules using environment variable. | https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2001-0084 |
Notes
Relationship
Overlaps Missing variable initialization, especially in PHP.
Applicable Platform
分类映射
| 映射的分类名 | ImNode ID | Fit | Mapped Node Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| PLOVER | External initialization of trusted variables or values | ||
| Software Fault Patterns | SFP25 | Tainted input to variable |
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