CWE-654 在安全决策中依赖单个元素

Reliance on a Single Factor in a Security Decision

结构: Simple

Abstraction: Base

状态: Draft

被利用可能性: unkown

基本描述

A protection mechanism relies exclusively, or to a large extent, on the evaluation of a single condition or the integrity of a single object or entity in order to make a decision about granting access to restricted resources or functionality.

相关缺陷

• cwe_Nature: ChildOf cwe_CWE_ID: 657 cwe_View_ID: 1000 cwe_Ordinal: Primary

• cwe_Nature: ChildOf cwe_CWE_ID: 657 cwe_View_ID: 699 cwe_Ordinal: Primary

• cwe_Nature: ChildOf cwe_CWE_ID: 693 cwe_View_ID: 1000

适用平台

Language: {'cwe_Class': 'Language-Independent', 'cwe_Prevalence': 'Undetermined'}

常见的影响

范围	影响	注释
Access Control	Gain Privileges or Assume Identity	If the single factor is compromised (e.g. by theft or spoofing), then the integrity of the entire security mechanism can be violated with respect to the user that is identified by that factor.
Non-Repudiation	Hide Activities	It can become difficult or impossible for the product to be able to distinguish between legitimate activities by the entity who provided the factor, versus illegitimate activities by an attacker.

可能的缓解方案

Architecture and Design

策略:

Use multiple simultaneous checks before granting access to critical operations or granting critical privileges. A weaker but helpful mitigation is to use several successive checks (multiple layers of security).

Architecture and Design

策略:

Use redundant access rules on different choke points (e.g., firewalls).

示例代码

例

Password-only authentication is perhaps the most well-known example of use of a single factor. Anybody who knows a user's password can impersonate that user.

例

When authenticating, use multiple factors, such as "something you know" (such as a password) and "something you have" (such as a hardware-based one-time password generator, or a biometric device).

Notes

相关攻击模式

• CAPEC-274

引用

• REF-196 The Protection of Information in Computer Systems

• REF-535 Separation of Privilege

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