import time  initial_struct_time = [tm for tm in time.localtime()]         # Example on how time object will cause an overflow  # Same for: Year, Month, Day, minutes, seconds   invalid_time = (2**63)        # change ‘Hours' to a value bigger than 32bit/64bit limit    initial_struct_time[3] = invalid_time         overflow_time = time.asctime(initial_struct_time) 

[-] hour:     [+] OverflowError begins at 31: signed integer is greater than maximum     [+] OverflowError begins at 63: Python int too large to convert to C long ... 

import time  print time.gmtime(-2**64)    print time.gmtime(2**63) 

[-] 2 power:     [+] ValueError begins at 56: (75, 'Value too large for defined data type')     [+] ValueError begins at 63: timestamp out of range for platform time_t [-] -2 power:     [+] ValueError begins at 56: (75, 'Value too large for defined data type')     [+] ValueError begins at 64: timestamp out of range for platform time_t 

import os    TESTFILE = 'temp.bin'         validtime = 2**55    os.utime(TESTFILE,(-2147483648, validtime))  stinfo = os.stat(TESTFILE)   print(stinfo)         invalidtime = 2**63  os.utime(TESTFILE,(-2147483648, invalidtime))    stinfo = os.stat(TESTFILE)   print(stinfo) 

$ ls -la temp.bin    -rw-r--r-- 1 user01 user01 5 13 Jun 1141709097 temp.bin $ stat temp.bin  A:"Oct 10 16:31:45 2015"     M:"Jun 13 01:26:08 1141709097"   C: ”Oct 10 16:31:42 2015" 

$ ls -la temp.bin    Segmentation fault: 11   $ stat temp.bin  A:"Oct 10 16:32:50 2015"     M:"Dec 31 19:00:00 1969"     C:"Oct 10 16:32:50 2015" 

import ctypes         #32-bit test with max 32bit integer 2147483647   ctypes.c_char * int(2147483647)       #32-bit test with max 32bit integer 2147483647 + 1   ctypes.c_char * int(2147483648)       #64-bit test with max 64bit integer 9223372036854775807  ctypes.c_char * int(9223372036854775807)          #64-bit test with max 64bit integer 9223372036854775807 + 1  ctypes.c_char * int(9223372036854775808) 

>>> ctypes.c_char * int(9223372036854775808) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> OverflowError: cannot fit 'long' into an index-sized integer 

valid = (2 ** 63) -1     invalid = 2 ** 63         for n in xrange(invalid):        print n  

valid = (2**63)-1    invalid = 2**63       class A(object):         def __len__(self):           return invalid        print len(A()) 

from decimal import Decimal  try:         # DECIMAL '1172837167.27'        x = Decimal("1172837136.0800")       # FLOAT '1172837167.27'      y = 1172837136.0800      if y > x:            print("ERROR: FLOAT seems comparable with DECIMAL")      else:            print("ERROR: FLOAT seems comparable with DECIMAL")  except Exception as e:       print("OK: FLOAT is NOT comparable with DECIMAL") 

try:         # STRING 1234567890      x = "1234567890"         # FLOAT '1172837167.27'      y = 1172837136.0800      if y > x:            print("ERROR: FLOAT seems comparable with STRING")       else:            print("ERROR: FLOAT seems comparable with STRING")   except Exception as e:       print("OK: FLOAT is NOT comparable with STRING") 

import os    try:         # Linux/Unix         eval("__import__('os').system('clear')", {})         # Windows        #eval("__import__('os').system(cls')", {})       print "Module OS loaded by eval"     except Exception as e:       print repr(e) 

Secret = "42"         value = input("Answer to everything is ? ")       print "The answer to everything is %s" % (value,) 

Answer to everything is ? dir()  The answer to everything is  [‘Secret’, '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__'] 

Answer to everything is ? Secret     The answer to everything is 42 

import codecs    import io         b = b'/x41/xF5/x42/x43/xF4'  print("Correct-String %r") % ((repr(b.decode('utf8', 'replace'))))        with open('temp.bin', 'wb') as fout:         fout.write(b)    with codecs.open('temp.bin', encoding='utf8', errors='replace') as fin:     print("CODECS-String %r") % (repr(fin.read()))   with io.open('temp.bin', 'rt', encoding='utf8', errors='replace') as fin:     print("IO-String %r") % (repr(fin.read())) 

Correct-String —> "u'A//ufffdBC//ufffd'" CODECS-String —> "u'A//ufffdBC'" (WRONG) IO-String —> "u'A//ufffdBC//ufffd'" (OK) 

import os    os.environ['a=b'] = 'c'  try:         os.environ.clear()       print("PASS => os.environ.clear removed variable 'a=b'")     except:      print("FAIL => os.environ.clear removed variable 'a=b'")         raise 

$ env -i =value python -c 'import pprint, os; pprint.pprint(os.environ); del os.environ[""]'        environ({'': 'value'})   Traceback (most recent call last):       File "<string>", line 1, in <module>         File "Lib/os.py", line 662, in __delitem__           self.unsetenv(encodedkey)    OSError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument 

$ env -i python -c 'import pprint, posix, os; os.environ["a="]="1"; print(os.environ); posix.unsetenv("a=")'        environ({'a=': ‘1'})     Traceback (most recent call last):       File "<string>", line 1, in <module>     OSError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument 

buffer=ctypes.create_string_buffer(8)         buffer.value='a/0bc1234'          print "Original value => %r" % (buffer.raw,)     print "Interpreted value => %r" % (buffer.value,) 

Original value => 'a/x00bc1234'  Interpreted value => 'a' 

try:         if 0:            yield 5      print("T1-FAIL")     except Exception as e:       print("T1-PASS")         pass          try:         if False:            yield 5      print("T2-FAIL")     except Exception as e:       print(repr(e))       pass 

import pickle    import io    badstring = "cos/nsystem/n(S'ls -la /'/ntR."     badfile = "./pickle.sec"     with io.open(badfile, 'wb') as w:        w.write(badstring)   obj = pickle.load(open(badfile))     print "== Object =="     print repr(obj) 

import cPickle   import traceback     import sys   # bignum = int((2**31)-1) # 2147483647 -> OK     bignum = int(2**31) # 2147483648 -> Max 32bit -> Crash   random_string = os.urandom(bignum)   print ("STRING-LENGTH-1=%r") % (len(random_string))  fout = open('test.pickle', 'wb')     try:         cPickle.dump(random_string, fout)    except Exception as e:       print "###### ERROR-WRITE ######"        print sys.exc_info()[0]      raise    fout.close()     fin = open('test.pickle', 'rb')  try:         random_string2 = cPickle.load(fin)   except Exception as e:       print "###### ERROR-READ ######"         print sys.exc_info()[0]      raise    print ("STRING-LENGTH-2=%r") % (len(random_string2))     print random_string == random_string2    sys.exit(0) 

import os    import sys   FPATH = 'bug2091.test'   # ==========================     print 'wa (1)_write1'    with open(FPATH, 'wa') as fp:        fp.write('test1-')   with open(FPATH, 'rb') as fp:        print repr(fp.read())    # ==========================     print 'rU+_write2'   with open(FPATH, 'rU+') as fp:       fp.write('test2-')   with open(FPATH, 'rb') as fp:        print repr(fp.read())    # ==========================     print 'wa (2)_write3'    with open(FPATH, 'wa+') as fp:       fp.write('test3-')   with open(FPATH, 'rb') as fp:        print repr(fp.read())    # ==========================     print 'aw_write4'    with open(FPATH, 'aw') as fp:        fp.write('test4-')   with open(FPATH, 'rb') as fp:        print repr(fp.read())    # ==========================     print 'rU+_read1',   with open(FPATH, 'rU+') as fp:       print repr(fp.read())    # ==========================     print 'read_2',  with open(FPATH, 'read') as fp:      print repr(fp.read())    # ==========================     os.unlink(FPATH)     sys.exit(0) 

import sys   import io    fd = io.open(sys.stdout.fileno(), 'wb')  fd.close()   try:         sys.stdout.write("test for error")   except Exception:        raise 

import io import sys      fd = io.open(sys.stdout.fileno(), 'wb') fd.close() sys.stdout.write(“Crash") 

import os import sys   testfile = 'tempA'   with open(testfile, "ab") as f:      f.write(b"abcd")         f.write(b"x" * (1024 ** 2))  #########################################    import io    testfilea = 'tempB'  with io.open(testfilea, "ab") as f:      f.write(b"abcd")         f.write(b"x" * (1024 ** 2)) 

import SimpleHTTPServer  httplib, smtplib, ftplib... import SocketServer  PORT = 45678     def do_GET(self):        self.send_response(200)      self.end_headers()   Handler = SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler  Handler.do_GET = do_GET  httpd = SocketServer.TCPServer(("", PORT), Handler)  httpd.serve_forever() 

import socket    import SimpleHTTPServer  import SocketServer  PORT = 8080  # ESSENTIAL: socket resuse is setup BEFORE it is bound.  # This will avoid TIME_WAIT issues and socket in use errors  class MyTCPServer(SocketServer.TCPServer):       def server_bind(self):           self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)            self.socket.bind(self.server_address)    def do_GET(self):        self.send_response(200)      self.end_headers()   Handler = SimpleHTTPServer.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler  Handler.do_GET = do_GET  httpd = MyTCPServer(("", PORT), Handler)     httpd.serve_forever() 

import socket    HOST = '127.0.0.1'   PORT = 45678     NULLS = '/0' * (1024 * 1024) # 1 MB  try:         sock = socket.socket()       sock.bind((HOST, PORT))      sock.listen(1)       while 1:             print "Waiting connection..."            conn, _ = sock.accept()          print "Sending welcome..."           conn.sendall("+OK THIS IS A TEST/r/n")           conn.recv(4096)          DATA = NULLS             try:                 while 1:                     print "Sending 1 GB..."                  for _ in xrange(1024):                       conn.sendall(DATA)           except IOError, ex:              print "Error: %r" % str(ex)          print "End session."             print    finally:         sock.close()     print "End server." 

import poplib    import sys   HOST = '127.0.0.1'   PORT = 45678     try:         print "Connecting to %r:%d..." % (HOST, PORT)        pop = poplib.POP3(HOST, PORT)        print "Welcome:", repr(pop.welcome)      print "Listing..."       reply = pop.list()       print "LIST:", repr(reply)   except Exception, ex:        print "Error: %r" % str(ex)  print "End."     sys.exit(0) 

import io    import os    import urllib2 #but all fine with urllib     domain = 'ftp://ftp.ripe.net'    location = '/pub/stats/ripencc/'     file = 'delegated-ripencc-extended-latest'   url = domain + location + file   data = urllib2.urlopen(url).read()   with io.open(file, 'wb') as w:       w.write(data)    file_size = os.stat(file).st_size    print "Filesize: %s" % (file_size) 

Filesize: 65536 Filesize: 32768 Filesize: 49152 

import os    import io    import urllib2   domain = 'ftp://ftp.ripe.net'    location = '/pub/stats/ripencc/'     file = 'delegated-ripencc-extended-latest'   with io.open(file, 'wb') as w:       url = domain + location + file       response = urllib2.urlopen(url)      data = response.read()       w.write(data)    file_size = os.stat(file).st_size    print "Filesize: %s" % (file_size) 

Filesize: 6598450 Filesize: 6598450 Filesize: 6598450