CWE-197 数值截断错误

Numeric Truncation Error

结构: Simple

Abstraction: Base

状态: Incomplete

被利用可能性: Low

基本描述

Truncation errors occur when a primitive is cast to a primitive of a smaller size and data is lost in the conversion.

扩展描述

When a primitive is cast to a smaller primitive, the high order bits of the large value are lost in the conversion, potentially resulting in an unexpected value that is not equal to the original value. This value may be required as an index into a buffer, a loop iterator, or simply necessary state data. In any case, the value cannot be trusted and the system will be in an undefined state. While this method may be employed viably to isolate the low bits of a value, this usage is rare, and truncation usually implies that an implementation error has occurred.

相关缺陷

• cwe_Nature: ChildOf cwe_CWE_ID: 681 cwe_View_ID: 1000 cwe_Ordinal: Primary

• cwe_Nature: ChildOf cwe_CWE_ID: 681 cwe_View_ID: 699 cwe_Ordinal: Primary

• cwe_Nature: CanAlsoBe cwe_CWE_ID: 195 cwe_View_ID: 1000

• cwe_Nature: CanAlsoBe cwe_CWE_ID: 196 cwe_View_ID: 1000

• cwe_Nature: CanAlsoBe cwe_CWE_ID: 192 cwe_View_ID: 1000

• cwe_Nature: CanAlsoBe cwe_CWE_ID: 194 cwe_View_ID: 1000

适用平台

Language: [{'cwe_Name': 'C', 'cwe_Prevalence': 'Undetermined'}, {'cwe_Name': 'C++', 'cwe_Prevalence': 'Undetermined'}, {'cwe_Name': 'Java', 'cwe_Prevalence': 'Undetermined'}, {'cwe_Name': 'C#', 'cwe_Prevalence': 'Undetermined'}]

常见的影响

可能的缓解方案

Implementation

策略:

Ensure that no casts, implicit or explicit, take place that move from a larger size primitive or a smaller size primitive.

示例代码

例

This example, while not exploitable, shows the possible mangling of values associated with truncation errors:

bad C

The above code, when compiled and run on certain systems, returns the following output:

result

This problem may be exploitable when the truncated value is used as an array index, which can happen implicitly when 64-bit values are used as indexes, as they are truncated to 32 bits.

例

In the following Java example, the method updateSalesForProduct is part of a business application class that updates the sales information for a particular product. The method receives as arguments the product ID and the integer amount sold. The product ID is used to retrieve the total product count from an inventory object which returns the count as an integer. Before calling the method of the sales object to update the sales count the integer values are converted to The primitive type short since the method requires short type for the method arguments.

bad Java

However, a numeric truncation error can occur if the integer values are higher than the maximum value allowed for the primitive type short. This can cause unexpected results or loss or corruption of data. In this case the sales database may be corrupted with incorrect data. Explicit casting from a from a larger size primitive type to a smaller size primitive type should be prevented. The following example an if statement is added to validate that the integer values less than the maximum value for the primitive type short before the explicit cast and the call to the sales method.

good Java

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