交换机接口故障怎样排除

• 硬件故障。本端或对端设备的硬件故障，例如单板、接口、光模块、光纤、网线等故障。

• 软件故障。主要是链路两端配置不一致，例如端口自协商模式、速率、双工等配置不一致。

<HUAWEI> display interface briefPHY: Physical   //表示接口的物理状态                                                                
*down: administratively down  
^down: standby                                                                  
~down: LDT down                                                            
#down: LBDT down   
(l): loopback                                                                  
(s): spoofing  
(E): E-Trunk down 
(b): BFD down 
(e): ETHOAM down 
(dl): DLDP down 
(d): Dampening Suppressed 
(ld): LDT block 
(lb): LBDT block 
(lp): Loop-detect block  
(ms): MACsec down     
(o): Observe-port forwarding down  InUti/OutUti: input utility/output utility                                      
Interface                 PHY   Protocol InUti OutUti   inErrors  outErrors   
Ethernet0/0/0             up    up       0.01%  0.01%          0          0   
GigabitEthernet1/0/0      down  down        0%     0%          0          0   
GigabitEthernet1/0/1      down  down        0%     0%          0          0   
GigabitEthernet1/0/2      down  down        0%     0%          0          0   
GigabitEthernet1/0/3      down  down        0%     0%          0          0   
GigabitEthernet1/0/4      down  down        0%     0%          0          0   
GigabitEthernet1/0/5      down  down        0%     0%          0          0   
GigabitEthernet1/0/6      up    up          0%     0%          0          0   
GigabitEthernet1/0/7      up    up          0%     0%          0          0   
GigabitEthernet1/0/8      up    up          0%     0%          0          0   
GigabitEthernet1/0/9      up    up          0%     0%          0          0   
GigabitEthernet1/0/10     down  down        0%     0%          0          0   
……

<HUAWEI> display interface gigabitethernet 0/0/12

GigabitEthernet0/0/12 current state : Administratively DOWNLine protocol current state : DOWNDescription:
Switch Port, Link-type : access(negotiated),
PVID :1, TPID : 8100(Hex), The Maximum Frame Length is 9216
IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 000b-0974-a475 
Last physical up time: 2022-06-10 21:09:51 
Last physical down time : 2022-06-10 21:10:51
Current system time: 202-06-10 21:15:06
Port Mode: COMMON FIBER
Speed : 1000,Loopback: NONE
Duplex: FULL,Negotiation: ENABLE
Mdi: -,Flow-control: DISABLE
Last 300 seconds input rate 96 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
Last 300 seconds output rate 96 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
Input peak rate 15184 bits/sec, Record time: 2022-06-10 17:45:05
Output peak rate 15184 bits/sec, Record time: 2022-06-10 17:45:05

• 对于二层物理接口（设备的以太网接口默认工作在二层模式），只要物理状态current state为UP，协议状态Line protocol current state一定是UP的。例如，二层物理接口连线正确，并且接口属性配置正常后，物理状态current state和协议状态Line protocol current state均是UP的。
• 对于三层物理接口（接口下执行了命令undo portswitch将接口从二层模式切换到三层模式），只有物理状态current state为UP，并且协议协商也成功后，协议状态Line protocol current state才会UP。例如，三层物理接口连线正确，并且接口属性配置正常后，如果没有配置IP地址，则物理状态current state为UP，但协议状态Line protocol current state仍处于DOWN状态。

Apr 15 2022 03:46:10-05:13 dgg62aslhw3i %%01IFNET/4/IF_STATE(l)[47]:Interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1 has turned into DOWN state.
Apr 15 2022 03:45:31-05:13 dgg62aslhw3i %%01IFNET/4/IF_STATE(l)[49]:Interface GigabitEthernet3/0/0 has turned into DOWN state.

<HUAWEI> display interface gigabitethernet 0/0/12

GigabitEthernet0/0/12 current state : DOWN//接口当前物理状态
Line protocol current state : DOWN
Description:
Switch Port, Link-type : access(negotiated),
PVID :1, TPID : 8100(Hex), The Maximum Frame Length is 9216
IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 000b-0974-a475 
Last physical up time: 2022-06-10 21:09:51 
Last physical down time : 2022-06-10 21:10:51
Current system time: 2022-06-10 21:15:06Port Mode: COMMON FIBER //接口工作模式。COMMON COPPER表示此接口为电接口；
                            COMMON FIBER表示此接口为光接口 
Speed : 1000,Loopback: NONE   //接口速率、环回状态，链路两端需要保持一致Duplex: FULL,Negotiation: ENABLE   //接口双工模式及自协商状态，链路两端需要保持一致

• 若current state字段为“Administratively down”，表示接口被人为执行了命令shutdown，请在接口下执行undo shutdown命令。

• 若current state字段为“DOWN”，则需要查看链路两端的接口速率、双工模式、自协商模式是否保持一致。根据Negotiation字段值的不同，采取不同的恢复手段。

• 若current state字段为“ERROR DOWN (down-cause)”，表示接口由于错误事件而被Shutdown，您需要根据down-cause具体字段信息排查故障。
  
  
  在采用恢复措施前，建议您先排除业务故障，以防止接口再次进入ERROR DOWN状态。ERROR DOWN状态恢复措施包括手动和自动两种。
  
  
  手动恢复：在接口视图下依次执行命令shutdown和undo shutdown命令或者执行命令restart，重启接口。
  
  
  自动恢复：在系统视图下执行命令error-down auto-recovery cause down-causeinterval interval-value，设置由具体原因引起的Error-Down自动恢复UP功能。
  
  
  常见down-cause字段值如下表所示。
  
  

<HUAWEI> display interface brief

… …
Interface             PHY    Protocol InUti OutUti inErrors outErrors
GigabitEthernet0/0/1  down   down       0%     0%     0       0
GigabitEthernet0/0/2  down   down       0%     0%     0       0
GigabitEthernet0/0/3  down   down       0%     0%     0       0
GigabitEthernet0/0/4  down   down       0%     0%     0       0
GigabitEthernet0/0/5  down   down       0%     0%     0       0
GigabitEthernet0/0/6  down   down       0%     0%     0       0

• 如果是多个接口由UP变为DOWN，则可能原因是本端或对端设备的单板故障以及对端设备状态变化，例如对端设备进行主备倒换、休眠或者重启等。

• 如果是单个接口由UP变为DOWN，则可查看对接的两个接口槽位外观上是否有金属弹片存在凹陷或偏位现象。如果外观没有问题，还需要在接口视图下执行命令loopback internal，查看接口内部是否存在硬件故障。如果执行命令loopback internal后，接口状态（字段current state）变为 UP，则接口内部连接正常，无硬件故障，如果接口状态仍然为DOWN，则接口内部通信异常，存在硬件故障。

<HUAWEI> system-view

[HUAWEI] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1

[HUAWEI-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] loopback internal

[HUAWEI-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] display this interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP … …

• 多个接口物理DOWN

Apr 15 2022 03:46:14-05:13 dgg62aslhw3i %%01IFNET/4/IF_STATE(l)[46]:Interface
GigabitEthernet1/0/1 has turned into UP state.
Apr 15 2022 03:46:10-05:13 dgg62aslhw3i %%01IFNET/4/IF_STATE(l)[47]:Interface
GigabitEthernet1/0/1 has turned into DOWN state.
Apr 15 2022 03:45:35-05:13 dgg62aslhw3i %%01IFNET/4/IF_STATE(l)[48]:Interface
GigabitEthernet1/0/1 has turned into UP state.
Apr 15 2022 03:45:31-05:13 dgg62aslhw3i %%01IFNET/4/IF_STATE(l)[49]:Interface 
GigabitEthernet1/0/1 has turned into DOWN state.
Apr 15 2022 03:42:10-05:13 dgg62aslhw3i %%01IFNET/4/IF_STATE(l)[50]:Interface
GigabitEthernet1/0/1 has turned into UP state.

[HUAWEI] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1

[HUAWEI-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] virtual-cable-test

Warning: The command will stop service for a while, Continue?[Y/N] y 
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment..........done. 
Pair A length: 1meter(s) 
Pair B length: 1meter(s) 
Pair C length: 1meter(s) 
Pair D length: 1meter(s) 
Pair A state: Ok Pair B state: Ok Pair C state: Ok Pair D state: Ok 

ENTITYTRAP/3/OPTICALINVALID:OID [oid] Optical Module is invalid.(Index=[INTEGER],
EntityPhysicalIndex=[INTEGER], PhysicalName="[OCTET]", EntityTrapFaultID=[INTEGER])

<HUAWEI> display transceiver interface GigabitEthernet 2/0/3 verbose 

… …
Diagnostic information: Temperature (°C) :39
Voltage(V):3.32 
Bias Current(mA):6.91          //电流值 
Bias High Threshold(mA):33.34
Bias LowThreshold(mA):1.67 
Current Rx Power(dBM):-4.59   //接口收光功率 
Default Rx Power High Threshold(dBM):0.00
Default Rx Power LowThreshold(dBM):-16.99 
Current Tx Power(dBM):-5.10   //接口发光功率 
Default Tx Power High Threshold(dBM):0.00 
Default Tx Power LowThreshold(dBM):-12.50 
User Set Rx Power High Threshold(dBM) :0.00 
User Set Rx Power Low Threshold(dBM):-16.99 
User Set Tx Power High Threshold(dBM) :0.00 
User Set Tx Power Low Threshold(dBM):-12.50

• 电流过高或过低：请更换光模块。

• 发光功率过低或过高：请更换光模块。

• 收光功率过低或过高：使用光功率计测试链路各部分的光功率衰减情况，对异常的部位进行修复。如果仍无法解决问题请更换光模块或者光纤，确保光模块传输距离和光纤类型符合组网需求。

<HUAWEI> display device 

S9303‘s Device status:    //设备型号，下方回显信息中Type列表示单板名称 
Slot Sub  Type      Online   Power   Register   Status   Role 
------------------------------------------------------------
1     -   LE0MX4UXA Present  PowerOn Registered  Normal  NA

2     -   LE0MF48TA Present  PowerOn Registered  Normal  NA
3     -   LE0MG24SA Present  PowerOn Registered  Normal  NA
4     -   LE0DMCUA  Present  PowerOn Registered  Normal  Master
PWR1  -   -         Present  PowerOn Registered  Abnormal NA 
FAN1  -   -         Present  PowerOn Registered  Normal   NA

<HUAWEI> display transceiver interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 verbose

 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 transceiver information: 
------------------------------------------------------------- 
Common information: Transceiver Type:1000_BASE_SX_SFP   //光模块型号 
Connector Type:LC 
Wavelength(nm):850      //光模块波长 
Transfer Distance(m):500(50um),300(62.5um)   //光模块传输距离 
Digital Diagnostic Monitoring:YES 
Vendor Name:HUAWEI 
Vendor Part Number:02315204 
Ordering Name: 
------------------------------------------------------------- 
Manufacture information: 
Manu. Serial Number:NSK1NNV 
Manufacturing Date:2022-06-09 
Vendor Name:HUAWEI 
-------------------------------------------------------------

<HUAWEI> display interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1

GigabitEthernet1/0/1 current state : DOWN 
Line protocol current state : DOWN 
Description:HUAWEI, Quidway Series, GigabitEthernet1/0/1 Interface
…… 
Port Mode: COMBO AUTO      //Combo口工作模式一般有三种 
                              COMBO AUTO：自动选择接口模式；
                              FORCE FIBER：强制选择光口模式；
                              FORCE COPPER：强制选择电口模式。
Current Work Mode: COPPER    //当Port Mode显示为COMBO AUTO时，
                                 此处表示当前实际自动选择到的工作模式，
                                 COPPER：电口模式；FIBER：光口模式
Speed : 100, Loopback: NONE

• 当指定Combo接口工作模式为自动选择模式时（接口视图下执行命令combo-port auto，默认设备 Combo接口工作模式为auto），系统将检测Combo光口是否有光模块插入，进行模式选择。

• 当Combo接口的工作模式设置为强制模式时，需要根据本端与对端设备连接的接口类型进行配置。

• 若机房的环境温度长期不能满足要求，应考虑检修或更换机房的空调系统。若机房的相对湿度过大，应考虑为机房安装除湿设备；若机房的相对湿度过小，应考虑为机房安装加湿设备。

• 若出现强弱电线缆并行现象，请重新部署线缆走向，使强弱电线缆分离。如因环境因素导致网线损伤老化，请更换网线。