K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

2023年4月14日14:07:20评论39 views字数 11118阅读37分3秒阅读模式

文章前言

Kubernetes是一个开源的容器编排平台，它提供了一种简单、高效的方式来管理容器应用程序的部署、扩展和运行。随着容器技术的不断发展和普及，越来越多的企业开始选择Kubernetes作为他们的容器编排平台。本文将介绍如何在自己的本地环境中快速搭建一个简单的Kubernetes集群，并演示如何通过Kubernetes部署应用程序，读者可以通过本文深入了解Kubernetes的相关知识，并掌握在实践中部署和管理Kubernetes集群的技巧。

基本环境

K8s_master:192.168.17.144
K8S_Node2:192.168.17.145
K8S_Node3:192.168.17.146

搭建流程

改主机名

在各个主机中设置主机名并重启主机：

hostnamectl --static set-hostname  masterhostnamectl --static set-hostname  node1hostnamectl --static set-hostname  node2

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

关防火墙

在各个各主机中执行以下命令关闭防火墙：

systemctl stop firewalld & systemctl disable firewalldsystemctl stop iptables  & systemctl disable iptablessed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/configsetenforce 0

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

静态地址

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

TYPE="Ethernet"PROXY_METHOD="none"BROWSER_ONLY="no"BOOTPROTO="static"IPADDR="192.168.17.146"NETMASK="255.255.255.0"GATEWAY="192.168.17.2"DNS1="192.168.17.2"DEFROUTE="yes"IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6INIT="yes"IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"NAME="ens33"UUID="a6086f47-f55c-42d8-9464-81ebc1a587a6"DEVICE="ens33"ONBOOT="yes"

之后重启网卡：

service network restart

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

修改SSH

修改/etc/ssh/sshd_config：

PasswordAuthentication yes

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

网络转发

编辑/etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf文件修改以下内容：

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

#重载配置sysctl -p
#加载网桥过滤模块modprobe br_netfilter
#查看网桥过滤模块是否加载成功lsmod | grep br_netfilter

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

配置IPVS

在各个主机中执行以下命令来配置IPVS

cat <<EOF > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules#!/bin/bashmodprobe -- ip_vsmodprobe -- ip_vs_rrmodprobe -- ip_vs_wrrmodprobe -- ip_vs_shmodprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4EOFchmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules/bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.moduleslsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

配置HOST

在各个主机中执行以下命令：

cat <<EOF > /etc/hosts192.168.17.144 master192.168.17.145 node1192.168.17.146 node2EOF

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

配置仓库

在各个主机中配置kubernetes.repo

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo[kubernetes]name=Kubernetesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/enabled=1gpgcheck=0repo_gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpgEOF

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

Dockers

访问https://cr.console.aliyun.com/获取镜像加速地址：

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

配置镜像加速源：

sudo mkdir -p /etc/dockersudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'{  "registry-mirrors": ["https://x.x.x.x"]}EOFsudo systemctl daemon-reload

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

关闭Swap内存交互机制

vi /etc/fstab

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

安装指定版本的docker:

https://blog.csdn.net/Fly_hps/article/details/122253570

修改docker.service

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.serviceExecReload=/sbin/iptables -I FORWARD -s 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

安装组件

yum install --setopt=obsoletes=0 kubeadm-1.17.4-0 kubelet-1.17.4-0 -y

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

配置代理

在各主机修改/etc/sysconfig/kubelet

KUBELET_CGROUP_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"KUBE_PROXY_MODE="ipvs"

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

创建集群

各主机执行：

systemctl enable kubelet.servicesystemctl start kubelet.service

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

master执行

kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.17.144 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version=v1.17.4 --pod-network-cidr=192.244.0.0/16 --service-cidr=192.96.0.0/12

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

#旧的kubeadm join 192.168.17.144:6443 --token 17vum6.bkj95pe9o10ocfnl     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:af749e1e16b585f26bc94aa71f0af2942dca25710b80389b7b99c76f6ad30657#新的    kubeadm join 192.168.17.144:6443 --token jrf3db.9saki4l3rwkzrb13     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:df9c74fb6a2a02a72cc6c8c1b0d241d563bf32149ebc6dec918029712c674bb2

在master主机执行以下命令：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kubecp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/configchown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

在node主机中执行以下命令：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kubecp -i /home/root/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/configchown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

节点入群

在node节点中执行以下命令加入集群：

kubeadm join 192.168.17.144:6443 --token 17vum6.bkj95pe9o10ocfnl     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:af749e1e16b585f26bc94aa71f0af2942dca25710b80389b7b99c76f6ad30657

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

flannel

master主机需要安装flannel，否则节点一直处于noready

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.ymlkubectl apply -f kube-flannel.ymlkubectl get nodes

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

查看master节点镜像：

docker images

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

查看所有命令空间和命名空间下的pod:

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

Nginx

在maste主机上执行以下命令：

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx:1.14-alpinekubectl get deploykubectl describe pod nginx-6867cdf567-9tbg9

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

创建SVC

kubectl expose deploy nginx --port=80 --target-port=80 --type=NodePortservice/nginx exposed

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

外部访问

master节点ip+svc中的ports端口

kubectl get svc

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

之后在浏览器中访问：

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

查看pod的IP地址：

kubectl get pod -o wide

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

控制面板

Step 1：下载yaml文件

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

Step 2：修改YAML文件

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.## Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.# You may obtain a copy of the License at##     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0## Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and# limitations under the License.
apiVersion: v1kind: Namespacemetadata:  name: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1kind: ServiceAccountmetadata:  labels:    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard  name: kubernetes-dashboard  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: ServiceapiVersion: v1metadata:  labels:    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard  name: kubernetes-dashboard  namespace: kubernetes-dashboardspec:  type: NodePort  ports:    - port: 443      nodePort: 30001      targetPort: 8443  selector:    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1kind: Secretmetadata:  labels:    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs  namespace: kubernetes-dashboardtype: Opaque
---
apiVersion: v1kind: Secretmetadata:  labels:    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf  namespace: kubernetes-dashboardtype: Opaquedata:  csrf: ""
---
apiVersion: v1kind: Secretmetadata:  labels:    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder  namespace: kubernetes-dashboardtype: Opaque
---
kind: ConfigMapapiVersion: v1metadata:  labels:    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: RoleapiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1metadata:  labels:    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard  name: kubernetes-dashboard  namespace: kubernetes-dashboardrules:  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.  - apiGroups: [""]    resources: ["secrets"]    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.  - apiGroups: [""]    resources: ["configmaps"]    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]    verbs: ["get", "update"]    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.  - apiGroups: [""]    resources: ["services"]    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]    verbs: ["proxy"]  - apiGroups: [""]    resources: ["services/proxy"]    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]    verbs: ["get"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleapiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1metadata:  labels:    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard  name: kubernetes-dashboardrules:  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1kind: RoleBindingmetadata:  labels:    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard  name: kubernetes-dashboard  namespace: kubernetes-dashboardroleRef:  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io  kind: Role  name: kubernetes-dashboardsubjects:  - kind: ServiceAccount    name: kubernetes-dashboard    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1kind: ClusterRoleBindingmetadata:  name: kubernetes-dashboardroleRef:  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io  kind: ClusterRole  name: kubernetes-dashboardsubjects:  - kind: ServiceAccount    name: kubernetes-dashboard    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: DeploymentapiVersion: apps/v1metadata:  labels:    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard  name: kubernetes-dashboard  namespace: kubernetes-dashboardspec:  replicas: 1  revisionHistoryLimit: 10  selector:    matchLabels:      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard  template:    metadata:      labels:        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard    spec:      nodeName: master      containers:        - name: kubernetes-dashboard          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-beta8          imagePullPolicy: Always          ports:            - containerPort: 8443              protocol: TCP          args:            - --auto-generate-certificates            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port          volumeMounts:            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs              mountPath: /certs              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs            - mountPath: /tmp              name: tmp-volume          livenessProbe:            httpGet:              scheme: HTTPS              path: /              port: 8443            initialDelaySeconds: 30            timeoutSeconds: 30          securityContext:            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true            runAsUser: 1001            runAsGroup: 2001      volumes:        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs          secret:            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs        - name: tmp-volume          emptyDir: {}      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard      nodeSelector:        "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master      tolerations:        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master          effect: NoSchedule
---
kind: ServiceapiVersion: v1metadata:  labels:    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper  namespace: kubernetes-dashboardspec:  ports:    - port: 8000      targetPort: 8000  selector:    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
---
kind: DeploymentapiVersion: apps/v1metadata:  labels:    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper  namespace: kubernetes-dashboardspec:  replicas: 1  revisionHistoryLimit: 10  selector:    matchLabels:      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper  template:    metadata:      labels:        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper      annotations:        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'    spec:      containers:        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.1          ports:            - containerPort: 8000              protocol: TCP          livenessProbe:            httpGet:              scheme: HTTP              path: /              port: 8000            initialDelaySeconds: 30            timeoutSeconds: 30          volumeMounts:          - mountPath: /tmp            name: tmp-volume          securityContext:            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true            runAsUser: 1001            runAsGroup: 2001      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard      nodeSelector:        "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master      tolerations:        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master          effect: NoSchedule      volumes:        - name: tmp-volume          emptyDir: {}

Step 3：下载镜像

docker pull kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-beta8

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

Step 4：进行部署操作

#部署操作kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
#删除操作kubectl delete -f recommended.yaml

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

Step 5：查看pod和service状态

kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard -o wide

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

Step 6：查看所有的pod

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

Step 7：在浏览器中访问，选择用默认用户kubernetes-dashboard的token登陆

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

Step 8：查看serviceaccount和secrets

kubectl  get sa,secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

Step 9：查看token

kubectl describe secrets kubernetes-dashboard-token-8kxnh -n kubernetes-dashboard

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

Step 10：使用默认用户的token登录

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

之后发现权限略有不足：

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

Step 11：新建管理员

a、创建serviceaccount

kubectl create serviceaccount admin-myuser -n kubernetes-dashboard

b、绑定集群管理员

kubectl create clusterrolebinding  dashboard-cluster-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:admin-myuser

kubectl get sa,secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

c、查看token

kubectl describe secret admin-myuser-token-jcj9d -n kubernetes-dashboard

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

Step 12：登录dashboard

K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

文末小结

本文介绍了如何在本地环境中快速搭建一个简单的Kubernetes集群，在这个过程中，我们涉及到了Kubernetes的一些重要概念和组件，例如Pod、Deployment、Service等，后续将会逐一介绍~

原文始发于微信公众号（七芒星实验室）：K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

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K8s实践之Kubernetes部署

文章前言

基本环境

搭建流程

改主机名

关防火墙

静态地址

修改SSH

网络转发

编辑/etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf文件修改以下内容：

配置IPVS

配置HOST

配置仓库

Dockers

安装组件

配置代理

创建集群

节点入群

flannel

Nginx

创建SVC

外部访问

控制面板

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